Kastuya Kalinovsky biography

Born: February 2, Kastus Kalinovsky was born on February 2 on January 21 in the year in the village of Mostovlyana Grodno district in a large family of the Landless Shlyakhtich, the owner of a small flax factory. Among modern historians there is no consensus on the nationality of Kalinovsky. Some consider him a Belarusian, others - a Pole. The contemporary of the Kalinovsky Major General V.

Muravyov claimed the following: “Konstantin Kalinovsky with the mood of the Herzen school at the head of the ambitious personalities of red Litvin, he persistently conducted the idea of ​​Lithuania’s independence” in this case implies in the historical sense, that is, the Grand Principality of Lithuania, which included the territories of the present Lithuania and Belarus. He graduated from Svislochsky gymnasium in the year.

In gg. In his student years, together with his elder brother Viktor Kalinovsky, he actively participated in the activities of student communities and in revolutionary circles. The worldview of Kalinovsky took shape in the situation of the growth of the peasant movement, under the influence of the ideas of the Russian radical publicists N. Chernyshevsky, A.

Herzen and under the influence of the traditions of the Polish national liberation movement. Returning to his homeland, Kalinovsky, together with Vrubblevsky and others, created revolutionary circles, which entered a single conspiratorial organization. In Kalinovsky, he at the head of the Movement Committee headed by this organization was later called the Lithuanian Provincial Committee.

Kalinovsky actively supported the national liberation struggle of the Polish people. He participated in the publication of the Polish -speaking newspaper "Banner of Freedom", intended for the Polish population. Kastus Kalinovsky believed that the advanced revolutionary forces in Belarus should focus on Poland and the Polish revolutionary movement, which can guarantee self-government to residents of Belarusian-Lithuanian lands.

The motto of Kalinovsky was the words: "Polish business is our business, this is a matter of freedom." Having headed the uprising in Belarus and Lithuania, Kalinovsky advocated the widespread involvement in the struggle of the peasants, for the spread of the uprising east and north from the borders of the North-Western Territory. The peasants, however, for the most part did not accept the uprising, and sometimes even fought along with the tsarist troops against Kalinovsky’s detachments.

In the context of the cruel actions of government forces, being in the deep underground, Kalinovsky led the rebels before his arrest at the end of January of the year. At the investigation, he kept firmly and confidently. He refused to mitigate the verdict to name the venary apartments and passwords, as well as the names of other leaders of the uprising. 42 days after the arrest - March 12, he was sentenced to death through execution.

However, the next day, at the personal application of M. Muravyov, the execution was replaced by a public hanging. Sentenced to death, Konstantin Kalinovsky continued the struggle, turning to the people with "letters from under the gallows." It followed from the letters that Kalinovsky did not recognize the Russian power for Belarusians. He called on the Belarusian people to fight "for his God, for his right, ...

for his homeland." During the last announcement of the sentence, after the words “Kalinovsky’s nobleman to say ...” shouted his famous phrase “We have no nobles, we are all equal! The burial place of Kalinovsky for more than one and a half centuries remained unknown - fearing pilgrimage, the tsarist government buried the remains of the executed secret. In July, during the excavations on Mount Gedimin in Vilnius, where during the uprising there was a Russian garrison, the remains of 20 people aged 20 to 50 years were discovered archaeologists.

However, the researchers called their assessment rough, since the remains did not undergo a genetic examination. The study of the remains of Viktor Kalinovsky, buried in Svisloch, would help to confirm the conclusions. The Lithuanian Government created the State Commission on reburial, headed by Prime Minister Saulus Sprinkalis. Detailed biography.