Summary Biography of Pothars
Brief content. Features of the novel. In addition to him, there were three more children in the Goncharov family. After the death of the father, the mother and their godfather N. Tregubov, an educated man of advanced views, familiar with many Decembrists, took up the upbringing of children. During the years of study in a private boarding house, Goncharov joined the reading of the books of Western European and Russian authors and studied French and Russian well.
In G. during the years of study at the University, Goncharov turned to literary work. Of the subjects studied, he was most attracted to the theory and history of literature, visual art, and architecture. After graduating from the university, Ivan Alexandrovich entered the service of the Simbirsk governor, then moved to St. Petersburg and took the position of translator in the Ministry of Finance.
However, the service did not prevent him from engaging in literature and maintaining friendly relations with poets, writers and painters. Goncharov’s first creative experiments - poems, then the anti -romantic story “The Dashing Broke” and the story “Happy mistake” - were published in the manuscript journal. The novel is based on the clash of two central heroes-Aduev-Dyadi and Aduev-nephew, personifying sober practicalism and enthusiastic idealism.
Each of the heroes is psychologically close to the writer and represents different projections of his spiritual world. In the novel “Ordinary History”, the writer denies the abstract appeals of the protagonist, Alexander Aduev, to a certain “divine spirit”, condemns empty romance and insignificant commercial business, that is, that which is not provided with high ideas necessary for man, reigning in the bureaucratic environment.
The clash of the main characters was perceived by contemporaries as “a terrible blow to romanticism, dreaminess, sentimentality, provincialism” V. However, decades later, the anti -romantic theme lost its relevance, and the next generations of readers perceived the novel as the most “ordinary history” of cooling and sobering a person, as an eternal theme of life. The peak of the writer’s work was the novel “Oblomov”, to the creation of which Goncharov began in E GG.
Before the novel was published, in the Almanac “Literary Collection with Illustrations” appeared “Oblomov’s dream” - an excerpt from the future work. Some believed that the passage has a great artistic value, but rejected the author’s irony in relation to the patriarchal landlord. Others recognized the writer's undoubted skills in the description of the scenes of manor life and saw in an excerpt in the future novel by Goncharov a creative step forward compared to his previous works.
Goncharov, as secretary, Admiral E. Putyatin, went on a round -the -world voyage on Pallas frigate. Simultaneously with the performance of his official duties, Ivan Alexandrovich collected material for his new works. The result of this work was travel notes, which in - 57. The tracks convey the impressions of the author from acquaintance with British and Japanese cultures, reflects the author’s opinion about what he saw and experienced during the trip.
The paintings created by the author contain unusual associations and comparisons with the life of Russia are filled with a lyrical feeling. Travel essays were very popular among Russian readers. Returning from the trip, Goncharov entered the service in the St. Petersburg Censorship Committee and accepted the invitation to teach Russian literature the heir to the throne. Since that time, the writer's relations with the circle of Belinsky were noticeably cooled.
By fulfilling the duties of the censor, Goncharov provided assistance in the publication of a number of the best works of Russian literature: “Notes of the Hunter” by I. Turgenev, “A Thousand Souls” by A. Pisemsky and others. Since autumn, G. Goncharov edited the newspaper Northern Mail. About the same time, its removal from the literary world began. The ideal of the writer, by his own admission, compiled a "piece of independent bread, a pen and a cramped circle of the closest friends." Since the publication of the head of Oblomov’s head, the reader had to wait for the full text of the work for almost ten years, which immediately won a huge success.
The novel caused the stormy disputes of readers and critics, which testified to the depths of the author’s plan. Immediately after the release of Roman, Dobrolyubov wrote an article “What is Oblomovism? Some critics, on the contrary, saw in the main character “independent and clean”, “gentle and loving nature”, which consciously eliminated fashion trends and remained fidelity to the true values of being.
Disputes about the main character of the novel continued until the beginning of the XX century. Goncharov’s last novel “Cliff”, published in the city of this work, was planned by G. however, by the beginning of the spelling, the writer somewhat changed his plan, which was dictated by new social problems. In the center of the novel was the tragic fate of revolutionary youth, represented in the image of the “nihilist” Mark Volokhov.
The novel "Cliff" caused an ambiguous assessment of criticism.Many questioned the author’s talent and refused him the right of the trial of modern youth. After the release of the novel “Cliff”, Goncharov’s name rarely appeared in the press. Up to this day, this article remains classical about the comedy of Griboedov. Goncharov’s further literary activity is represented by “notes on the personality of Belinsky”, theatrical and journalistic notes, the article “Hamlet”, the essay “Literary Evening” and newspaper feuilleton.
The result of Goncharov’s creative activity in E Gg. In e gg. In the last years of his life, the writer, endowed with the talent of a subtle observer, lived lonely and is closed, consciously avoiding his life and at the same time difficult to survive his position. He still wrote articles and notes, but, unfortunately, before his death he burned everything written in recent years. In all his works, the pottery sought to reveal the inner dynamism of the individual outside the plot events and to convey the inner tension of everyday life.
The writer advocated the independence of the personality, called for active activity, animated by moral ideas: spirituality and humanity, freedom from social and moral dependence.