Vlad Tepes brief biography

VLAD DRACULA and Vlad Tepesh Rum. Born in the year in Sigishoar Transylvania - he died in the year in Bucharest Valachia. Prince is the Lord of Wallachia in, and years. The nickname "Dracula" from Rum. The knights of the Order wore medallions and pendants depicting a golden dragon curled up in a ring, and Vlad II, when dedicated to knights in the year, also received an Order with a dragon from the hands of the King Medallion.

Having become a Mr. Transylvania in the year, Vlad II placed the Dragon image on gold coins, which he minted on his own behalf and by which he forcibly replaced his previous money, as well as his personal print and his heraldic shield. Mother is Vasilika. Vlad III inherited the nickname from his father. Historians suggest that he was born between and years, probably in Shassburg now Sigishoar.

Vlad's birth time is calculated on the basis of the age of his older brother Mirchi, it is known that in the year of that was the years and data on the time of the first reign of Dracula, which was on November, when the Dracula ruled without a regent, and therefore, at that time was an adult. However, later - in the years - he began to indicate his nickname with the letter “A” at the end, since by that time it was most famous in this form.

There is an opinion that “Dracula” translated from the Romanian means “the son of the dragon”, but the Romanian historians deny that “a” at the end could attach an additional importance compared to the word “Dracul”. As for the nickname Tepes, it appeared 30 years after Vlad's death. It was a translation of the nickname received by the prince from the Turks and sounded like Kazyvyov Tour.

For the first time, this nickname is found in Valash documents on January 21 of the year, which says "Vlad Voivoda, who is called Tepes." In the Middle Ages, Transylvania belonged to the Hungarian kingdom, but now the house in which Dracula lived with his father, mother and older brother is located on the territory of Romania at the address: Sigishoara, ul.

Tinsers, 5, in the house, a fresco of the age of the age of G. Dracula was preserved in the house. It is also known that Dracula’s father used this house as a monetary courtyard, where he minted gold money with the image of a dragon, for which he received a nickname that his son later inherited. In the summer of the year, Dracula's father occupied the Valash throne and, no later than the fall of the same year, transferred a family from Sigishoara to Wallachia.

In the interval between August and August, Dracula had another brother - Radu. Around the same time, Dracula's mother died, after which his father married a woman named Koltsun from Braila. Koltsuna became the mother of another brother of Dracula - later he gained fame as Vlad Monk. In the spring of the year, Dracula's father quarreled with Yanosh Hunyadi, who was at that time the actual ruler of Hungary, as a result of which Yanosh decided to put another ruler - Basrab II in the Wallachia.

In the summer of the year, Dracula's father Vlad II went to Turkey to Sultan Murat II to ask for help, but he was put in prison for treason, where he was forced to stay for 8 months. Yanosh Hunyadi did not interfere with this, as he was preparing for a crusade against the Turks. The campaign began on July 22 and lasted until January of the year. In the spring of the year, negotiations on a truce between Janos Hunadi and the Sultan began.

Dracula's father joined the negotiations, during which Janosh agreed that Wallachia could remain under Turkish influence. At the same time, the Sultan, wanting to be confident in the devotion of the “Valash governor”, ​​insisted on the “pledge”. The word “pledge” meant that the sons of “governors” should come to the Turkish court - that is, a Dracula, who was at that time, and his brother Radu, who was years old.

Negotiations with the father of the Dracula ended on June 12. Dracula and his brother Radu went to Turkey no later than the end of July of the year. Dracula, being in Turkey in years, survived a serious psychological shock, which laid out an imprint on his personality. In particular, M. Mikhai writes that the Dracula returned to his homeland by a “finished pessimist”, however, in various publications, the reason for changing the character of Dracula and the life of the Dracula of that period is represented differently.

Some authors write that in Turkey Dracula threatened death. Others report the opposite - that during the period of stay in Turkey, Dracula was not subjected to either physical or psychological violence by the Turks. Matey Cossack even claims that the principles of organizing the Turkish state and society made a very favorable impression on Dracula. There are two popular statements.

The first is that in Turkey the Dracula was tortured or sought to convert to Islam, and therefore the character of Dracula changed. The second popular statement applies to the fact that the changes in the character of Dracula are associated with the sexual harassment of the heir to the Turkish throne Mehmed against the brother of Dracula.Regarding torture and declination to Islam, historical sources do not say anything, and only one medieval author - Greek historian Laonik Halkocondil tells about the relationship between Mehmed and Radu - but he classifies these events by the beginning of the 10ths, that is, by the time when Dracula's character has already undergone changes.

Thus, the only event of the period that could seriously affect the Dracula is the death of close Dracula - father and older brother - in December of the year. The death occurred as a result of a coup, committed by the Hungarians. In July, when the father of Dracula drew his sons to the Sultan, the Turks and Hungarians signed the final version of the Treaty of Moor for 10 years, but on August 4, the Hungarians began to prepare a new crusade.

In September, the detachments of Yanosh Hunadi entered Turkish territory. The victory went to the Turks, and Yanosh Hunyadi fell into the hands of Dracula's father and was with him for about a month, after which he left freely. In the summer of the year, the father of Dracula Vlad II, wanting to make peace with Hunyadi, agreed that the Valash warriors take part in a small military operation against the Turks, which lasted from July to October.

The fortress of Judge near the Danube was captured, but relations with the Hungarians did not improve from this. In addition, Vlad II banned the circulation of Hungarian coins on the territory of the Wallachia. The father of the Dracula on the orders of Huniyi was chopped off, and Dracula buried his older brother alive. Having learned about this, the Sultan began to prepare for a new war with the Hungarians.

The decisive battle took place in Serbia on the Kosovo Field of October of the year.

The victory again went to the Turks, after which, in November, Dracula, with the help of the Turks, became the Valash prince, replacing the Hungarian protege Vladislav. The first board of Dracula: in the fall of the year, Dracula, along with Turkish detachments borrowed to the Sultan, entered the Valash capital - Tyrgovishta. When exactly this happened, it is definitely not known, but there is a letter from Dracula on October 31, where he signed as “Voivodes of the Wallachia”.

Immediately, after an access to the throne, Dracula begins an investigation of events related to the death of his father and brother. During the investigation, he learns that at least 7 boyars who served his father supported Prince Vladislav, for which they received various mercy. Meanwhile, Yanosh Hunyadi and Vladislav, who lost the battle on the Kosovo field, arrived in Transylvania.

Historians have no accurate data where the Dracula went right away, as he left Tyrgovishta. It is known that in the end he ended up in Moldova, but the appearance in Moldova in November could be dangerous for Dracula, since there was a Hungarian military commander, who obeyed Janos Hunyadi. This military leader supported Prince Peter II, married to one of the younger sisters, Janos Hunyadi, but Peter suddenly died, and the Hungarians remained in Moldova to prevent her from passing under Polish influence.

The situation changed after the March of the year, when Prince Alexandrel, Dracula's cousin, supported by Yanosh, but the Polish king, sat on the Moldavian throne. According to other data, Alexandrel began to rule in November, shifting Peter, who died only in the year. Contrary to agreement, in the fall of the year Bogdan did not receive help against the Poles from Hungary. Nevertheless, his son Stefan was able to receive refuge in the Hungarian territory, in Transylvania, after Bogdan was killed by the new Moldovan Prince Peter Aron in October.

Dracula went to Transylvania with Stefan, and in February he was expelled from there on the orders of Yanosh Hunyadi. In a letter to the inhabitants of Brasov of February 6, Janos speaks of his intention to deprive Draculus of the opportunity to live not only in Transylvania, but also in Moldova. Nevertheless, Dracula returned to Moldova, where at that time his cousin Alexandrel came to power again.

In February, Yanosh Hunyadi concluded the same agreement with Alexandrel as at the time with Bogdan. Alexandrel promised to obey the Janos and marry his granddaughter, but the contract was not fulfilled. Dracula left Moldova only in May, when Prince Alexandrel overthrew Peter Aron, who killed Bogdan a few years earlier in the fall of the year. In the year, Dracula was in Transylvania, where he gathered the army of volunteers to go to Wallachia and take the throne again.

At that time, since February, the delegation of the Franciscan monks, headed by Giovanni da Kapristno, who also gathered a volunteer army in order to liberate the Constantinople captured by the Turks in the year, was in Transylvania. The Franciscans did not take the Orthodox on a hike, which the Dracula used, attracting rejected militias into their ranks. Also in the year in the town of Joaju in the south-west of Transylvania on Dracula, an attempt was made.

In April, the rumor spread to Hungary that the Turkish army led by Sultan Mehmed, who would go to Belgrade, approached the southern borders of the state. After that, the Janos, already a half -year -old from Belgrade, began to prepare for a breakthrough of the Turkish blockade, the ring of which closed on July 4.Belgrade was also followed by a militia, collected by the Franciscan monk Jovanni da Capernalo, which initially had to go to Constantinople, and the Dracula army stopped on the border of Transylvania with Wallachia.

Valash Prince Vladislav, fearing that in his absence of a Dracula could take the throne, did not go to defense of Belgrade. The Valash boyar Manet Udrich, who passed to his side and persuaded several other boyars from the princely council under Vladislav, helped to get the power of Dracula. 9 days before, on August 11 in Belgrade, Janosh Hunyadi died of the plague.

The second reign of Dracula: the second reign of Dracula lasted 6 years and gained wide fame outside the borders of the Wallachia. After the second time came to power, Dracula continued the investigation of the circumstances of the death of his father and older brother. According to the results of the investigation, more than 10 boyars were executed. Some sources argue that the number of executed was from up to 20 people, but historians did not find evidence of this information.

To declare a sentence to the boyars, Dracula first invited them to a feast. Romanian chronicles associate this feast with the holiday of Easter, so the event was called the "Easter" execution of the boyars. Regarding the date of execution, researchers have no consensus. There is reason to argue that the execution took place no later than April of the year. The Romanian historian N.

Stoicheka says that the execution was “allegedly” in the year. Historian Matey Cossack calls the date of March 25 of the year. In the year, a campaign in Transylvania took place. The main reason for the campaign of Dracula in Transylvania was the actions of the noble residents of Sibiu. In this city, Dracula’s younger brother, Vlad, who claimed the Valash throne, was patronized.

In a letter dated March 14, sent to Siberu, Drakula expressed dissatisfaction with the fact that the two noble townspeople who supported Vlad monk were promised in advance from two large Valash customs.