Gertrude Bell biography

The real name: Gertrude Margaret Law to Bell, British traveler Rost: see date and place of birth: July 14, Britain Data and Place of Death: July 12 Britain 57 years old Biography: Life of Gertrude Bell, English researcher in Hertrud Bell on July 14 - July 12 - British writer, politician and archaeologist. Her knowledge and travel in the Middle East made her a valuable and influential person in the British administration of the region.

Unlike many of their compatriots, she was respected by local residents in Iraq, Jordan and other countries. Photo of Gertrude Bell, about a year. Irak had a great influence on the creation of the state. Her father was Sir Hugh Bell, Baronet, who was a sheriff and the justice of the peace before joining the Bell Brothers family production company and received a reputation as a progressive and caring boss.

Four years later, her father Sir Hugh married Florence Olliff. The Bell family was rich and influential: her grandfather Sir Isaac Lautian Bell Grandfather Gertrude was a famous industrialist, the owner of steel factories in the north of England, a ram. Her stepmother playwright and children's author had a great influence on the youth of Gertrude. Gertrude was well formed, at first she visited the Royal College, and then Lady Margaret Hall at the University of Oxford.

Despite the restrictions imposed on the students, Gertrude graduated from a school with honors from the first class in just two years, becoming one of the first two oxford girls who received these awards with a modern degree of history of another was her classmate Alisa Grinwood. Two years later, she published her first book “Persian Pictures”, which describes these trips.

For Gertrude, this was only the beginning of a more than a decade of travel. Gertrude quickly became an adventurer, was engaged in climbing in Switzerland, freely mastered several languages, including French, German, Persian and Arabic plus knowledge of the Italian and Turkish languages. During travel, she developed a passion for archeology. In the year, she returned to the Middle East, visiting Palestine and Syria, stopped in the historical cities of Jerusalem and Damascus.

During her travels, she began to meet people living in the region. She went up to Mont Blanc, the highest peak in the Alps, and even one of the peaks - Gertrudshpitz, named in her honor in the year. She spent more than ten years on the Arabian Peninsula. Gertrude's personal life was never married and had no children. Only several novels are known about her.

After meeting with administrator Sir Frank Svetenham during a visit to Singapore, she continued to correspond with him, despite their summer gap. They had a short novel in the year after his return to England. It is also known about her passionate correspondence from for a year with Lieutenant Colonel Charles Dauti-Uayly, an army officer who was already married.

But their novel had no continuation due to the death of the colonel in battle in the year. After that, Gertrude no longer had other famous romances. They worked at excavations in modern Turkey, as well as in the fields of ancient ruins in the north of Syria. Two years later, she switched her attention to Mesopotamia, visiting and studying the ruins of ancient cities.

In the year, she became the second foreign woman who went to Hali, the infamous unstable and dangerous city in Saudi Arabia. Delegates of the Commission of the Mespot at the Cairo Conference. This group was created by the colonial secretary Winston Churchill to discuss the future Arab countries. Gertrude Bell on the left, the second row. Soon, British intelligence began to need her experience in the region to lead the soldier through the desert.

During her expeditions, she established close relations with local residents and leaders of the tribes. Based on this, Gertrude received a noticeable influence in the formation of British policy in this area.

The political career after the British troops captured Baghdad in the year, Gertrude was awarded the title of Eastern Secretary, and a mission of assistance in the restructuring of the district, which was previously the Ottoman Empire, was entrusted to it. In particular, her goal was a new creation of Iraq. In her report “Self -Definition in Mesopotamia”, she set out her ideas about how the new leadership should work, based on her experience in the region and its people.

Nevertheless, the British commissar Arnold Wilson believed that there should be observers from British officials who had to have final power over the Arab government, as a result of which many recommendations of Gertrude were not fulfilled. Gertrude continued to fulfill the functions of the Eastern secretary, which in practice meant to maintain a connection between various fractions and interests.At the Cairo Conference of the Year, she played a decisive role in discussions about the leadership of Iraq, where she advocated that Feysal Bin Hussein is called the first king of Iraq, and when he was appointed to this position, she advised him in a wide range of political issues and controlled the choice of his office and other posts.

She received the nickname “al-Khatun” among the Arab population, designating the “judicial lady”, which observes the service of the state. Gertrude also took part in many key moments of creating borders in the Middle East; Her reports of that time turned out to be prophetic, since she noted the probability that none of the possible boundaries and divisions would satisfy all groups and retain the long -term world.

Thanks to her close relations with King Faisal, the Iraqi Archaeological Museum and the base at the British School of Archeology in Iraq was founded. Gertrude personally brought artifacts from her collection, and also led excavations. Over the next few years, it remained a key part of the new Iraqi administration. The death and legacy of the load of Gertrude in combination with the heat of the desert and a mass of illness was reflected in her health.

She suffered from recurrent bronchitis and began to quickly lose weight. In the year, she returned to England only to face new problems. The well-being of her family, made mainly in industry, was quickly reduced due to the aggregate influence of strikes by industrial workers and economic depression throughout Europe. In England, she fell ill with pleurisy. Her brother Hugh died of typhoid.

On the morning of July 12, her maid found her dead, apparently from an overdose of sleeping pills. It was unclear whether an overdose was random or not. Gertrude Bell is buried in the British cemetery in the area of ​​Bab al-Sharji in Baghdad. Gertrude Bell was posthumously awarded the Order of the British Empire. Among the Arab communities with whom she worked, it was noted that "she was one of the few representatives of the government of His Majesty, whom the Arabs remembered with something like love." Gertrude Bell - Gertrude Bell called her “woman Lawrence Arabian,” but this title barely begins to describe the life of Gertrude Bell or her achievement.

At one time, Gertrude was the most influential woman of the British Empire. Together with T. Lawrence, she not only played a role in the Arabian uprising against the Turks during the First World War, but also helped to create the Hashimit dynasty in Jordan and the creation of a modern state of Iraq. Today she is best remembered as one of the leading chroniclers of British imperialism in the Middle East.

Gertrude at the age of 4 years with father Thomas Hugh Bell Gertrude was born in the world of privileges. Her grandfather Isaac Lautian Bell was an industrialist and earned money in the production of steel. Although the family was rich, they lived modestly. Gertrude at the age of 19 from the childhood of Gertrude was fearless, constantly led her younger brother Marats to scratches, climbed trees and walked along the walls near the beach.

Gertrude succeeded in almost all sports, she knew how to swim, engage in fence, row, play tennis and hockey. At the age of seventeen, convincing her parents of the wisdom of further education, she entered Lady Margaret Hall, one of two women's colleges in Oxford. Gertrude Bell Gertrude flourished in Oxford, although she was annoyed because of the restrictions that demanded that women be accompanied when they left the campus.

From the very beginning, she was confident in herself and was not afraid to argue with her professors. Due to its boundless energy, Gertrude received a higher education in the field of modern history in two years, becoming the first woman to do this. Her achievements brought her to the London Times. This will not be the last time when the achievements of Gertrude made her worthy lighting in the news.

An attractive woman with abundant red hair, which she wore carelessly folded on the crown, and straight green eyes, Gertrude was extremely popular among her peers. She was magnificent, self -confident and good in conversations. Nevertheless, she had an unpleasant tendency to compare the majority of the young people whom she met with her father and grandfather and found that they did not reach their level.

She was a little confrontational, which repelled some men. Gertrude Bell When Gertrude turned twenty -four years old, she fell in love with Persia and the Middle East, love, which will last longer than any love intrigue. She published her first two books, one of which is Persian pictures, the other is the translation of the poetry of the Sufi poet Hafiz.

By the mid -thirties, Gertrud spoke freely in Arabic, French, German and Persian and had practical knowledge of Turkish and Italian languages. In the year, Gertrude first visited Jerusalem. Soon she traveled alone with a guide, a cook and two silencers.Gertrude was not afraid to go to the areas, into which few women entered, not to mention men, including Druzu, a closed Muslim sect, where she supported their leader Yahya Beyu.

Gertrude Bell over the next fourteen years, until the First World War began, Gertrude crossed the desert, covering most of modern Syria, Turkey and Mesopotamia, covering more than ten thousand miles on the map, traveling either on horses or on camels. She published her conclusions in several books, including Syria: desert and sown. Her books were opened by Arab deserts for the Western world.

In the year, she became the second foreigner who visited the city of Khayil. The trip was dangerous, Gertrude Bell Gertrude met the love of her life, Major Charles “Dick” Montegu Dauti-Uayly in the year, when both of them were thirty-eight. Dauti Wayly was an outstanding soldier with a chest full of medals, he was everything that she was looking for in a man, but thought she would never find.

The only problem was that he was married. They corresponded for years, but only in the summer of the year did friendship turn into something more. Despite her passionate love for Dick, Gertrude could not force himself to become his mistress, and he was not ready to part with his wife. They had several short days together after the outbreak of war before they broke up.

Once again, Gertrude was supposed to be disappointed in love. In April, Dauti Uayly was killed in Gallipoli. During the First World War, the Ottoman Empire fell completely. Bell was engaged in espionage, was an adviser to both Arabs and the British, mediating between them.