Brief biography of koch

The heart given to people. Robert Koch Robert Koch - Biography Robert Koch - German researcher, scientist microbiologist, Nobel Prize holder. He made a huge contribution to science, opening the causative agents of tuberculosis, anthrax and many other dangerous microorganisms. The main merit of the outstanding scientist Robert Koch before science is that he managed to divide the microbes into species and prove that each certain bacillus can cause a certain disease.

Koch's studies made it possible to determine that even the smallest bacterium could cause the death of an animal millions of times higher in size. Childhood and youth, the scientist was born on December 11 in the resort German town of Klaustal, located on the ground, Lower Saxony. The house where the biography of the luminary of science began is now an important attraction of a university town.

The mining industry was already key to the region’s native Koch. His father devoted his whole life to research, being a leading engineer of the mine department. The boy’s mother was the daughter of the chief inspector of the Hanover Kingdom of Henry Bivende. Having married, she completely plunged into the care of her wife and children, whom her parents had thirteen. Robert became the third child in a friendly large family.

Robert Koch in his youth grandfather from his mother was an intelligent, well -read person and respected official. He loved nature very much and constantly conducted amateur research, trying to introduce his grandson to them. Robert was happy to participate in his grandfather’s hobby: he collected a little bug, searched for rare species of moss, designed crafts. The boy learned to read and letter long before school, so he received primary education without any problems.

Later, parents staged the heir to the gymnasium of Claustal, where he won the reputation of the most inquisitive and talented student. At the beginning of X, Koch brilliantly handed over tests to the University of Gettingen, becoming a student of a prestigious university with strong academic traditions. Over the years, more than forty Nobel Prize laureates came from the walls of this university.

Many years later, Robert admitted that it was in Alma Mater that he realized that he wanted to seriously engage in science. He eagerly listened to the discussions of teachers about microorganisms and at the same time dreamed that he would someday make a great discovery that would amaze the whole world. The composition of teachers included the pathologist Friedrich Genle-the author of the opening of the loop in the nephron of the kidney, the physiologist-anatomist Georg Meissner, whose name is immortalized in the name of the organ of the nervous system of the gastrointestinal tract.

For several weeks, Robert studied the basic sciences, and then plunged into medicine. After receiving a diploma, a graduate for a long time could not find a suitable place for practice - in vain search, he sought literally all of Germany. In the year, he finally settled in the small city of Rakvitz, where in the clinic for the mentally ill he turned up the place of the assistant.

Science and medicine in a clinic for mentally ill Koch lingered for a short while. At the very beginning of the Franco-Prussian war, the young scientist went to the front, becoming a field doctor. The working conditions were sometimes unbearable, but this served as an invaluable experience for the future career of the doctor.

Here Robert learned to recognize and treat infectious diseases, outbreaks of which in the field arose constantly. Robert Koch at the work between the influx of infected and wounded, the doctor found time for new scientific research, studied the structure of microorganisms and algae. A year later, Robert returned to civilian life, completely abandoning medical practice and engaged in the study of microbes.

In the year, Koch received the post of county doctor in the Polish city of Volstein. Just at that time, a Siberian ulcer was raging in the rural lands of the region, which destroyed the livestock. Already well familiar with the experiments of Louis Pasteur, the scientist is accepted for the study of this terrible disease. After several hundred experiments, Kochu managed to identify the causative agent of the Siberian ulcer - the bacillus anthracis bacterium.

Having spent an endless amount of hours after a microscope, the researcher was able to study its life cycle in detail. As a result of the experiments, Robert found that the best environment for sticks, threads and spores of bacteria is wet land. Hence the so -called "mounds of death" - places of burial of infected individuals, carrying a mortal danger to humans and animals. The general public found out about this discovery four years later, when it was publicized by scientists at the University of Breslau in Poland.

The publication took place largely thanks to the bacteriologist Ferdinand Kon and the pathophysiologist Julius Konheim. It was in their laboratory that Koch first spoke about the result of his work. Among the witnesses of the opening was another famous scientist - Paul Erlich, who later began to be called the “father” of chemotherapy. Robert Koch at the conference at the end of x the scientist published work on infections after injuries, where he explained the nature of their origin.The destructive effect of staphylococcus was also described here and various microorganisms were first considered.

In m, according to the patronage of Julius Congaim, the researcher became a government adviser to the Imperial Ministry of Health of Germany. A few months later, Koch published the work “Methods of studying pathogenic organisms”, which caused hot discussions in the scientific community. This revolutionary work has proved that the separation of microorganisms is more effective to carry out on hard nutrient surfaces, while earlier a nutritious broth was used for this purpose.

The author made a sensational opening quite by accident. Once Robert left on the table in the laboratory a potato cut in half, after which he went to his rest. Returning, he began to look at the potato under a microscope, and found an amazing thing. A colony of microbes settled on the surface, which held in isolation and did not mix with each other. Subsequently, the scientist began to experiment with agar-agar, gelatin and other nutrient media, which made it possible to switch to a fundamentally new level of experiments.

This was far from the only contribution of Koch to microbiology. He came up with coloring bacteria, which had previously been considered colorless, and falling into an identical environment, and completely became invisible. With the help of aniline dyes, it was possible to achieve that only microorganisms were painted, and the nutrient medium remained unchanged.

This discovery cannot be called large, but it was it that became the starting point in the study of color rendering of microorganisms. The invention of the immersion lens has turned the idea of ​​scientists about the possibilities of increasing microscopes. Prior to the opening of Koch, a multiple increase was considered the limit, he gave people the opportunity to increase the objects under study once.

Robert achieved such a stunning result by immersing the lens into technical oil using curves of lenses. To prove the relationship of microorganisms with the diseases they caused, the professor drew several postulates that are now known as the Koch Triada. Almost all of them have not lost relevance for modern science: bacillus is always found in the patient with a certain form of infection, with other diseases other microbes are found; For research, microbe must be distinguished in its pure form and studied as a separate organism; The infected “clean” bacillus of individuals show symptoms identical to the symptoms of patients.

When microbiology was only born, the greatest luminaries of science often were attended by each other, they wrote incinerating articles that cast doubt on the authority of colleagues. Coach and Louis Pasteur have developed a difficult relationship, since the latter considered a younger colleague a serious competitor. Robert Koch in a field hospital in the X in Europe raged tuberculosis, and the highest mortality rates were in Germany.

Then this insidious disease was studied little, and as a treatment, patients were offered healthy diet and climate change. Koch decided to put an end to such a strong enemy, engaged in a deep study of the nature of tuberculosis. Obsessed with a new goal, the researcher began to conduct experiments on the fabrics of the dead. After hundreds of crops produced, the professor found bright blue sticks in the nutrient medium, which later called the Koch sticks.

Further, guinea pigs connected to the experiment, the experiments on which proved the assumption of the scientist. The fact that it is the wand painted in blue that causes the disease that Robert reported at the next Berlin conference. The study of tuberculosis has become the most complex milestone in the scientific biography of Koch. He continued the study of this disease until the end of his life, but he could not put a point in them.

Thanks to the doctor, the world received sterile tuberculin - a liquid that does not have a pronounced therapeutic effect, but irreplaceable at the diagnostic stage. In the year, Robert was awarded the Nobel Prize for colossal work in the study of tuberculosis. In parallel, the scientist was working on the study of bacilli, which causes acute epidemic conjunctivitis.

The report on Bacillus Koch-Uiks was published in the same year. In m, the professor was included in the expedition, which was supposed to study the Holer -eating in India and Egypt. The microbiologist plunged in the search for the causative agent of a deadly disease, and soon discovered it. Having made countless samples, the researcher allocated a commas -like embryo, which was the same cholera vibrion.

At the end of X, in cooperation with the Japanese bacteriologist, Sibasaburo Kitasato Robert opened the tetanus pathogen, highlighting it in its purest form. After this, the scientist was appointed to the post of professor at the University of Berlin, and a few months later he headed the recently opened institution of hygiene. At the beginning of the x, the microbiologist became the head of the Institute of Infectious Diseases, who later received his name.

Robert Koch in the laboratory, the researcher took part in dozens of scientific expeditions in different countries, including India, New Guinea, Italy, Africa and Java Island. There were so many information collected on trips that the doctor had to abandon the next leading post, in order to come to the basis of studying them. Under the lens of the Koch microscope, pathogens of the most dangerous infectious diseases - malaria, typhoid, and sleepy illness visited.

They may be familiar.