L Beria biography

Do you want to see only good news? Return to ordinary tape? Who prevented him from doing this? After the death of Stalin in March, he considered himself the best contender for the highest power in the country. Beria came up with a plan for how to pick up the USSR for himself, and for this he carried out a number of transformations - they are known by the conditional name of the “Beria Reform”.

The Minister of Internal Affairs initiated the most massive amnesty of prisoners in history, forbidden torture, tried to strengthen the role of the Ministry of Internal Affairs, and it seemed to even prepare a decayed. But he did not succeed in leaving the fight for power - Beria fell victim to the tandem Malenkov - Khrushchev, who united against the common enemy and then, as many believe, appropriated part of his ideas.

How the hot spring of the beloved Stalin People's Commissar turned out for him - in the material “Ribbon. The capital warmly discussed the fall of the idol, the name of the “leader of the Soviet political police” was inclined in all ways, called a provocateur and a fabulous bastard, chatted about his novels with artists and accused of Bonapartism. Actually, a clear line was drawn between these two events: they removed the extravagant Nikolai Yezhov, and the torment of the people came to an end.

Many in custody at that time connected their hopes with Beria, especially repressed engineers, designers, designers who wanted to work and considered a new People's Commissar notorious to the fate of the intelligentsia. The decision to curtail large terror at the end of the GO was made precisely by Stalin. And then, already within the framework of this decision, specific measures began.

In addition to the fact that they slowed down the shaft of arrests and executions, the leadership of the NKVD has changed. ” According to Mints, at that time, they just stopped a certain number of cases that had not yet managed to bear the sentences. A certain number of people then unexpectedly returned home. The appointment of Beria became part of a set of decisions to coagate terror, the historian believes.

Stalin needed a new People's Commissar of Internal Affairs so that all the large terror could be dumped on Yezhov. They made a scapegoat in order to bring out the highest political leadership from under the blow. In propaganda, the word “Herbalism” just appeared, denoting repression of the end of the 10ths. All this predetermined the further fate of Yezhov, the role of Beria in the salvation of his repressed mother was noted in his memoirs the famous poet Mikhail Tanich.

His father Isaac Tankhilevich, the head of the Taganrog communal public household, sentenced to the highest extent on charges of theft of socialist property and brought the sentence in October, even under Yezhov. Tanich’s mother was also arrested, his grandfather took the summer guy. According to the wording of Tanich himself, having replaced Yezhov as a People's Commissar, the “liberal bloodsucker” Beria ordered to release from the Taganrog Zaenks “entirely the whole camera of the wives of the enemies of the people, with the cessation of the investigation”.

Among these women was Marina Traskunova, who lived up to a year. Well, Tanich, as you know, was awarded the honorary title of "People's Artist of Russia." However, the historian Mints considers this version of insolvent. This note became the basis for the decision of the Politburo on the operation "" Beria represented the situation in the country "the position of Beria, as well as George Malenkov in E, were rapidly strengthened.

Both are deputies of the government of the government, that is, Stalin. Propaganda promotes them not only as faithful Stalins, but also as the students of Lenin who worked under his leadership, although he most likely did not even know about their existence. A number of researchers agree that Beria and Malenkov deftly used Stalin’s suspiciousness, bringing themselves closer to him and removing competitors from him.

There is a version that Stalin, he live a little longer, could repress Vyacheslav Molotov and Anastas Mikoyan. In the same year, a successful test of the first Soviet atomic bomb occurred, which further enhanced the position of Beria in the ruling elite. After the victory over the external opponent - Nazi Germany - in the USSR took up the search for internal enemies.

At the beginning of X around the country, the loud revelations of those who, as claimed, poisoned the life of an honest Soviet man-pests, right-wing opportunists, Zionists and bourgeois nationalists. Any citizen of the USSR could fall under any of these categories-from an ordinary collective farmer to a member of the Politburo. By the year, Beria enters the peak of power, but at his positions the Mingrelian business is strictly beaten, in the framework of which a number of seniorly -ranking persons - nominates of the Deputy Predovmin were arrested in Georgia.

Already some weeks after Stalin's death, these people will rehabilitate and return the lost posts to them. However, after the fall of their benefactor, some of them will again be repressed as members of the Beria Bang. By his political weight in the spring of the year, Beria was the second person in the state after Malenkov. Despite the venerable age, the theme of fuss on the political Olympus occupied the imagination of the writer Mikhail Prishvin.Based on the information he knew, he concluded that in the last years of Stalin’s life, Beria “was a sovereign dictator”.

Thanks to Prishvin, we know the popular hearing of that time: they say, the head of the Ministry of Internal Affairs "wanted to end the collective farms and thereby gain popularity." And the student of the Stavropol Institute of Foreign Languages ​​Nikolai Golubov, among other things, surprised why Beria did not get rid of a strong Georgian accent over the decades of his life and work in Moscow.

According to the diaries of contemporaries of the era, it is clear that people tried to predict the struggle for power, while it was dominated by the opinion that the second consecutive representative of Georgia on the throne, the people simply could not stand in Mints, Beria is difficult to compare with any of the predecessors, since they all worked in very different conditions, and the Stalin system managed to change very much with the GO.

Henry Yagoda was the People’s Commissar of Internal Affairs in one Soviet Union, the candidate of historical sciences notes, Yezhov in another, Beria began in the third and finished in the fourth. He was sure to the very end that the camp system could become profitable. And Beria by the beginning of X realized that this is unrealistic. As of the year, he had a more sober view of reality compared to Stalin.

” According to historians, this was one of the stages of the transformation of the Gulag, which under Stalin grew to incredible size. Containing a huge number of people was becoming too expensive for the state treasury, so they decided to release about half. So Beria gained the glory of the main "liberal" of the Soviet Union. He proposed to free 1 million thousand people and stop the investigation in relation to another thousand.

In his note, the minister explained that of the more than 2.5 million Gulag prisoners, only a person are “especially dangerous state criminals”. At the same time, there were a large number of former prisoners, including dangerous criminals, which significantly worsened the criminal situation in the country. Already on July 2, serious changes were made to this process, from now on the amnesty did not apply to convicts for robbery, thieves-recidivists and malicious hooligans.

So much is written about this in the Crocodile from all over the country, you can read about the same in the newspapers in the headings "from the courtroom", people talk about this. " According to Mints, the decision on the amnesty was made collegial, and the document is the signature of the chairman of the Presidium of the Supreme Soviet of the USSR Clement Voroshilov - they began to connect with Beria an amnesty later, although he was its initiator.

The historian recognizes disagreements in the circle of researchers about the motives of the amnesty and complains about the lack of important documents on the topic, many of which are still not declassified. According to Mintz, the mass release of prisoners in the year was dictated by "an attempt to unload the penitentiary system, which was already in a crisis." The fact that they allegedly released some killers and rapists was, fortunately, a myth.

By the way, the plot of “the cold summer amnesty was largely founded on this myth, the largest in Russian history has become the largest in the domestic history, the prisoners filled the cities, but could not adapt to life in Soviet society - it became a colossal unresolved problem. It happened that the person went into the void. And these were people who sat in the camps and accustomed to violence.

All this was in total a jump in crime, especially in large -scale crime, especially in large because of this, there was a belief that the murderers were released. ” And Beria has stopped this order in the framework of his diocese. The party was removed from participation in the appointment of heads of special services of the republican and regional scale. ” In addition, according to many historians, Beria ordered his people to collect incriminating evidence for all party and state leaders.

If you believe Sergo Beria, his father during the life of Stalin spoke about the dangers of a personality cult and stated that he allowed things, "unforgivable to anyone." Beria was the first to raise the question of the personal role of Stalin in repressions. In former times, Yezhov was usually accused of all sins. Now, for the first time, it was stated that terror was held at Stalin’s direct instructions.

Among other things, he indicated that Stalin "demanded the application of physical measures to arrested in order to achieve their recognition in espionage and subsidiary work." A week before, on April 1, Beria compiled another note-“On the rehabilitation of persons involved in the so-called case of pittering doctors”, which, in particular, spoke about Stalin’s sanction “on the use of physical impact measures” to the arrested doctors.

Prishvin fixed in his diary a rumor, walking among the people: supposedly Beria reported to Stalin in the Yezhov time that “now dozens of innocent tolerate”, to which the dictator seemed to answer: “And let them tolerate! The document reported that the Ministry of Internal Affairs established the “gross perversions of Soviet laws, the arrests of innocent Soviet citizens”, the falsification of materials allowed by investigators of the MGB.

Separately, the types of torture were listed - brutal beating of the arrested, round -the -clock use of handcuffs on their hands turned out, prolonged deprivation of sleep, the conclusion of the stripped in a cold punishment cell, and so on. All this was engaged in a special team of prison workers, who, as follows from the document of Beria, used various tools for torture. Such interrogation methods brought the physical forces arrested to a state of decline, moral depression, some lost the human appearance.

Beria ordered categorically to ban the use of any coercion and physical impact measures to the arrested, to eliminate the torture, the guns-to destroy. After the arrest of Beria, mercilessly criticizing him at the July Plenum, the party leaders blamed him, including “liberalism”, claiming that he decided to discredit Stalin for career reasons. They criticized him for the opening of the gate of prisons and camps.

After arresting Beria, they began to hang all the dogs, but they were not judged by the crimes in which he was guilty. It was quite in the Stalinist traditions that he was announced with a spy of all foreign intelligence, invented accusations of sabotage, "analyzing the case of the" gang of Beria "at the Plenum of the Central Committee, the recent associates competed in the severity of the charges against him.

Andrei Andreev said that the ex-minister-no less-from the presentation of some "owners" wanted to eliminate the Soviet system.

Molotov later added that Beria “saw nothing outside private property” and did not recognize socialism.