Conrad Lorenz Biography

Born on November 7 in Vienna in the family of a surgeon. After graduating from the gymnasium in Shotten, he specialized at the University of Vienna in Medicine, Philosophy and Political Science. B was appointed Privat-Tocent of Vienna University in comparative anatomy and animal psychology. In the became a professor of comparative psychology of Königsberg University.

Later he oversaw the military sciences. He was captured in the Soviet Union. In this book, the author traces very interesting analogies in the behavior of various types of vertebrates and the type of Homo sapiens, which is why the book is published in the series "Library of foreign psychology." Affirming that aggressiveness is an innate, instinctively determined property of all higher animals - and proving this on many convincing examples - the author leads to the conclusion; "There is good reason to consider intraspecific aggression the most serious danger, which threatens humanity in modern conditions of cultural -historical and technical development.

Lorentz:" The Ring of King Solomon "," A man finds a friend "," Year of the Gray Goose ". Biographical certificate from the book by K. Lorenz Lorenz Conrad November 7, Vienna - February 27, Altenberg - Austrian biologist and philosopher, one of the founders of evolutionary epistemology. He graduated from New York and Vienna Universities. Nobel Prize for Physiology and Medicine.

Laid down the theoretical foundation of modern ethology, the science of animal behavior. He published the article “The Kantian Concept A Priori in the Light of Modern Biology”, in which he argued that the nature and genesis of the fundamental structures of the experience corresponding to the A Priori Kant can be explained on the basis of the achievements of genetics and biological theory of evolution.

Under the pressure of natural selection for millions of years, our senses and the mental apparatus were formed in such a way as to ensure a functionally adequate idea of ​​reality. A prioriism of Kant can be given an empirical interpretation. A priori exists due to hereditary differentiation of the central nervous system specific to different species and determining the hereditary predisposition to think in certain forms.

With con. Lorenz was engaged in sociocultural and general humanistic problems related to the dangers that technical civilization carries. Among them, as the main ones, he identified ethical problems. Gorokhovskaya New Philosophical Encyclopedia. In four volumes. Stepin, A. Huseynov, G. Lorenz Lorenz Conrad - Austr. Lorentz called his epistemological concept "evolutionist theory of knowledge." In the year, he published an article “Kantian doctrine a priori in the light of modern.

Kant, can be explained on the basis of biological evolution. So, for example, Lorenz argued that the optical characteristics of the environment are reflected in the structure, biochemical composition and dynamics of the eye, and the laws of optics are encoded. If this were not so, then people simply would not have survived as a biological species. The cognitive structures of the cognitive apparatus of the a priori in the sense of their independence from their personal experience, but they cease to be such if they consider their development in the process of evolution.

For a person as a generic being, they are aposterior. The theory of knowledge of the Lorentz and his followers is also called bioepistemology, since life itself is characterized by them as a cognitive process, as a “claw -generation”. Bioepistemology, according to Lorentz, is able to explain the genesis of our cognitive structures from the level of instincts and sensory perception to the level of everyday common sense.

In collisions with areas of reality, inaccessible to our usual everyday experience, for example, the region of the microworld, our congenital cognitive apparatus begins to fail and discovers its boundaries, since it is evolutionarily adapted only to the usual environment. In his understanding of the nature and methods of scientific knowledge, Lorenz proceeded from the fact that true natural science is inductive.

Following the position of V. Windelband, he believed that cognition goes through three stages: descriptions, systematization and nomotetic stage. Understanding in inductive science is a reduction in special laws of this level to more general laws acting at the next level of reality. At the same time, it is unacceptable to “jump” through the levels.

At the same time, Lorenz believed that to explain a certain level of reality there is no need to know the laws of a higher level. He called the strategy of explanation without a description of the structure “atomism”. In his opinion, a descriptive, “naturalistic” approach is no less important than quantitative. He considered a “explanatory monism” methodological mistake - an explanation of a complex system, proceeding from the properties of one or two of its elements.

By “organic integrity”, he understood the system of bilateral causal ties that form a complex network. You can understand individual parts of such a system only simultaneously. This requires the “wide front” method, when the most general characteristics of the system are first described, and then the description is detailed.Since the end of the X year, Lorenz has been engaged in sociocultural and general humanistic problems related to the dangers that Western technical civilization carries.

Modern Western philosophy. Khefff, V. Malakhov, V. Filatov, with the participation of T. Works: aggression: the so -called evil. Munchen,; Der Abbau des Menschlichen. Munchen, Zurich, Lorenz Lorenz Conrad Zakharius - Austrian biologist and philosopher, one of the founders of ethology, Nobel laureate of the year in physiology and medicine, with N. Tivbergen and K. in the year defended his doctoral dissertation on philosophy, in the year - on medicine.

I read courses for comparative anatomy and zoopsychology. Since the year - a professor of comparative psychology of the University of Koenigsberg. In the city of Max Planck in Zeeviden. He was engaged in the problems of instinctive behavior, learning, including imprinting and social releases as signal irritants used in intraspecific communications. He proposed ethological interpretations of the mechanisms of regulation of behavior, including conscious, in situations of competition, dominance, aggression, cooperation and altruism.

Conducted field studies of animal instincts and their development in philosetogenesis. Developed a hydrodynamic model of motivation. Here, instinctive forms of behavior are explained by the accumulation of energy available in the nervous system and associated with activity characteristic of this biological type with activity cycles. This energy can find the implementation in behavior both with prolonged accumulation, and with the action of external stimuli.

So, let's say, the accumulation of the energy of aggressive attraction occurs to those Nor, until the effect of the corresponding starting stimulus begins, which will lead to the discharge of this energy. Such a trigger stimulus can be, for example, an invasion of this individual of an unfamiliar representative of the same type. Lorenz draw an analogy between the behavior of animals and humans.

In particular, he interpreted human aggressiveness as a biologically determined factor, which, due to the technical armament of a person, begins to contradict the tasks of his adaptation of Sogenante Bose. ZUR Naturgeschichte Der Aggression. Wyen,; in Russian. The so -called "evil." In his “evolutionary theory of knowledge” he considered the development of cognitive functions, from instincts to self -awareness, in the aspect of their adaptation role and, by analogy with certain working hypotheses, tested through trial and errors.

Kondakov I. Illustrated Dictionary. And outfit. Miinchen,; Die Acht Todsilden Der Zivilierten Menschheit. Miinchen,; in Russian. Munchen, literature: K. Shihi, E. Chepman, U. Next, read: Lorenz Conrad. Lorenz K. Literature: Merkulov I. Cognitive evolution.