Beethoven download biography

Biography Symphonic music of piano notes German composer was born in a family of Flemish origin. Beethoven's grandfather was the head of the court Bonn chapel, his father was a court singer. Beethoven learned early to play on the harpsichord, organ, violin, alte, as well as on the flute. With the classes of Beethoven, H. Nefa was led by a composer, an organist and a prominent aesthetic.

Soon Beethoven became the accompanist of the court theater and the assistant to the organist of the chapla. He listened to lectures on philosophy at the University of Bonn. Beethoven's views on the phenomena of political and social life were distinguished by militant democratism and freedom. In the formation of the republican beliefs of the composer, revolutionary events in France and the anti -feudal movement in the Rhine region played a huge role.

Beethoven’s fascination with the music of revolutionary France left a significant mark in his work. Beethoven's composer activity began in variation for a clavier on the theme of composer E. in him forever left his homeland and moved to Vienna, where he lived almost uncontrollably until the end of his life. The initial goal of Beethoven, when moving to Vienna, was to improve in the composition under the leadership of I.

however, classes with Haydn did not last long. Among the teachers of Beethoven were I. Albrechtsberger and A. Beethoven quickly gained fame and recognition - at first as the best pianist and inspired improviser in Vienna, and later as a composer. Beethoven's bright innovative work caused fierce disputes. Beethoven’s game combined deep, stormy drama and wide, singing cantilens.

In the prime of creative forces, Beethoven showed tremendous performance. Such outstanding works appear in the sonata before Diez Minor. In Beethoven, he finishes one of the most popular symphonic works-the 5th symphony and at the same time “pastoral” 6th symphony, in-the music for the tragedy of I. Goethe “Egmont”, in the 7th “Apotheosis of the Dance”, according to R. Wagner and the 8th “humorous”.

According to R. Rollan Symphony. From the summer of the age, Beethoven suffered deafness, which was progressing all the time. The illness for the musician limited his communication with people, made it difficult to pianistic performances and, finally, forced Beethoven to completely abandon them. Years are marked by a decrease in creative activity. C begins a new rise in the creativity of the composer; It creates the last 5 piano sonatas and 5 string quartets of the peak of the creativity of Beethoven’s “late”-the 9th symphony by the end of his life, Beethoven experienced severe material need and loneliness.

He did not hear even the most loud sounds of the orchestra; to communicate with the interlocutors, he used notebooks. The composer found support only among the small circle of friends who separated his advanced views. The instrumental and, above all, Beethoven's symphonic work has a pronounced programmatic character. The main content of the heroic works of Beethoven’s works can be expressed in the words: “Through the struggle for victory”.

The dialectical struggle of the contradictions of life finds a bright artistic incarnation in Beethoven, especially in the works of a sonata form - symphonies, overtures, sonatas, quartets, etc. Beethoven widely developed the principle of conjunction, based on the contrast and development of those contrasting among themselves, as well as conflicting elements within individual topics.

Compared to the works of Beethoven’s direct predecessors at the Vienna Classical School - V. Mozart and J. Haydna - Beethoven symphonies and sonatas are highlighted by a large scale of construction, the main thematic material is subjected to intensive extensive development, the connection between sections of the form is deepened, the contrasts between contrasting episodes and topics are exacerbated.

Beethoven proceeded from the orchestra, approved by Haydn, and only expanded it a little, but at the same time he achieved the huge power of the orchestral sound, bright contrasts. Beethoven transformed the ancient Menuet, which was part of the symphonies and sonata, into Scherzo, giving this “joke” a wide expressive range-from mighty sparkling fun in the 3rd symphony to expressing anxiety, anxiety in the 5th symphony.

A special role is assigned to Beethoven finals in symphonies and code conclusions in overtures, symphonies and sonatas; They are designed to express victorious feelings. Beethoven is the greatest composer-symphonist. He created 9 symphonies, 11 overtures, 5 concerts for the piano with an orchestra, a violin concert, 2 masses and other symphonic works.

The highest achievements of Beethoven symphonism belong to the 3rd “heroic” and 5th symphony; The idea of ​​the latter is expressed by the composer in the words: "The fight against fate." An active heroic character is distinguished by a 5th piano concert, created at the same time with the 5th Symphony, the 6th Symphony, containing a number of realistic paintings of rural life, reflected Beethoven's enthusiastic love for nature.

The top of the whole creative life of the composer is the 9th symphony. Beethoven for the first time in the history of this genre introduced the choral ending “to joy” to the words of F.The development of the main image of the symphony comes from the formidable and inexorable tragedy theme of the first part to the topic of bright joy in the finale. Close to the 9th symphony in its plan “solemn mass”-a magnificent monumental work of a philosophical nature, little related to the traditions of cult music.

Beethoven's only opera “Fidelio” post. Stylistically, Fidelio adjoins the type of “opera of salvation” that arose during the Great French Revolution, and at the same time opens the way to the symphony of the opera. Beethoven’s ballet “Creation of Prometheus” post is also dedicated to the heroic topic. Vigano, Beethoven's chamber music includes 32 piano sonatas, not counting 6 youthful sonatas written in Bonn and 10 sonatas for violin and piano, 16 string quarters, 7 piano trio and many other chamber compositions of Beethoven - Pathetic, Appassionate for Piaso, “Kreitsero” Sonata ”for violin and piano and others.

Among Beethoven’s quarters, the central place belongs to 3 quarters, OPUS 59 are written by order of the Russian ambassador in Vienna A. Razumovsky, combining penetrating lyricism with a vivid nationality of images in 2 of these quartets used the melodies of Russian folk songs.

The novelty and significance of Beethoven’s music determined the expansion of the framework of existing musical forms and a deep transformation of all types of musical creativity. The 4th and 5th concerts for the piano and Beethoven’s violin concert, which are a synthesis of symphony and concert, were a decisive stage in the historical development of the concert genre. The form of variations, which occupies the first place after the sonata, an outstanding sample - 32 variations to minor for piano for piano, was also subjected to significant changes.

Beethoven created a completely new genre of instrumental miniature based on dancing, etc. Beethoven's vocal heritage consists of songs, over 70 choirs, canons. From the versions, arias and OD, where the text played a subordinate role, Beethoven gradually came to a new type of songs, in which each stanza of the poetic text corresponded to the new music of the song to I. Goethe, among which “minion”, “lie again, tears of love”, “heart, heart”, etc.

The plot plan “to a distant lover”, on the texts of A. Geteeles, the song “About the Flea” is the only text from “Faust” Goethe, embodied by Beethoven, although the composer did not leave the thought of writing music for Faust until the end of his life. Beethoven processed songs of various nationalities for voice with instrumental accompaniment, made piano arrangements of folk songs in v.

In many instrumental works he introduced folk melodies. Beethoven's work is one of the peaks in the history of world art. His whole life and activity speak of the titanic personality of the composer, who combined the ingenious musical giftedness with the boiling, rebellious temperament, endowed with unbending will and the ability to huge internal concentration.

High ideology, based on the consciousness of public duty, was a distinctive feature of Beethoven-a citizen-citizen. A contemporary of the Great French Revolution, Beethoven reflected in his work the great folk movements of this era, its most progressive ideas. The revolutionary era determined the content and the innovative direction of Beethoven’s music by revolutionary heroism is reflected in one of the main artistic images of Beethoven - a struggle, suffering and eventually winning a heroic personality.

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