Biography about Galileo

Home Galileo Galileo Galileo Galileo was born in Pisa. He entered the University of Pisa, where he studied medicine. But, carried away by geometry and mechanics, in particular the works of Archimedes and Euclid, left the university with his scholastic lectures and returned to Florence, where he independently studied mathematics for four years. C - Professor of the University of Pisa, - - - Paduan, in the future - the court philosopher of the Duke of Kozimo II Medici.

Had a significant impact on the development of scientific thought. It is from him that physics originates as a science. Galileo humanity owes the two principles of mechanics, which played a large role in the development of not only mechanics, but all the entire physics. This is a well -known Galileo principle of relativity for a straightforward and uniform movement and the principle of constant acceleration of gravity.

Based on the Galileo principle of relativity, and Newton came to the concept of an inertial reference system, and the second principle associated with the free fall of bodies led him to the concept of inert and heavy mass. Einstein extended the mechanical principle of Galileo's relativity to all physical processes, in particular to light, and brought out the consequences of the nature of the space and time of the transformation of Galileo are replaced by the transformations of the Lorentz.

The unification of the second Galileevsky principle, which Einstein interpreted as the principle of equivalence of inertia forces forces, led him to the general theory of relativity with the principle of relativity. Galileo established the law of inertia, the laws of a free fall, the movement of the body on an inclined plane 1.

The dynamics originate from Galileo. In July, Galileo built his first telescope - an optical system, consisting of a convex and concave lenses - and began systematic astronomical observations. This was the second birth of a telescope, which, after almost a summer unknown, became a powerful tool for scientific knowledge. Therefore, Galileo can be considered the inventor of the first telescope.

He quickly improved his telescope and, as he wrote over time, “built a device for himself so wonderful that with his help the items seemed almost a thousand times more and more than thirty times closer than when observing a simple eye.” In the treatise "Star Herald", published in Venice on March 12, he described the discoveries made with the help of a telescope: the detection of mountains on the moon, four satellites of Jupiter, the proof that the Milky Way consists of many stars.

The creation of a telescope and astronomical discoveries brought Galileo wide popularity. Soon he opens the phases of Venus, stains in the sun, etc. Galileo establishes the production of telescopes. Changing the distance between the lenses, it also creates a microscope. Thanks to Galileo, lenses and optical instruments have become a powerful tool for scientific research.

As noted by S. Vavilov, "it was from Galileo optics that he received the greatest incentive for further theoretical and technical development." The optical studies of Galilee are also devoted to the teachings of color, issues of the nature of light, physical optics. Galileo belongs to the idea of ​​a limb of the speed of spread of light and setting an experiment to determine it.

The astronomical discoveries of Galileo played a huge role in the development of a scientific worldview, they clearly convinced the correctness of the teachings of Copernicus, the erroneousness of the system of Aristotle and Ptolemy, contributed to the victory and affirmation of the heliocentric system of the world. The famous “Dialogue about the two main systems of the world” was published, in which Galileo defended the heliocentric system of Copernicus.

The release of the book enraged the churchmen, the Inquisition accused Galileo of heresy and, having arranged the process, forced to publicly abandon the Copernication teaching, and imposed a ban on the “dialogue”. After the process in Galileo, he was declared a “prisoner of the Holy Inquisition” and was forced to live first in Rome, and then in the Archery near Florence. However, Galileo did not stop the scientific activity, to his illness in Galileo finally lost his vision, he completed the work of “conversations and mathematical evidence regarding two new branches of science”, which summed up his physical research.

Invented the thermoscope, which is the prototype of the thermometer, designed the hydrostatic scales to determine the specific gravity of solid bodies, and determined the specific gravity of the air. He put forward the idea of ​​using a pendulum in the clock. Physical studies are also devoted to hydrostatics, the strength of materials, etc.