Feofan Greek briefly biography

The best achievements of Russian icon painting during the rise of the spiritual forces of the nation were focused in the work of the great artists of Theophanes Greek OK. The ways in the art of Theophan Greek and Andrei Rublev turned out to be significant for the culture of Rus', whimsically crossing with the fate and lives of many great contemporaries: Sergius of Radonezh, Dmitry Donskoy, Metropolitan Alexei, Epiphanius Wise.

The perception of the works of these masters is not colored by biographical details, concentrating in the field of creativity.

The combination in each talent of a monumentalist and an icon painter confirms the completeness of the talent of artists who do not know difficulties in the work when moving from constructing a separate plot on the board to the interior and spatial polyphony of the mural ensemble. Feofan Greek, who came to Rus' from Byzantium, was inspired by the mystical teaching of hesiham from the Greek Hesychia - “peace”, “silence”, “detachment”, the renewal movement in Orthodoxy, which revered the divine light, which is revealed by the practice of deep internal concentration - meditation.

The artist found manifestations of this light as a special grace in various emotional states of the images of saints. From the works of Feofan Greek, who worked without fingering Epiphanius the Wise mentions more than forty churches about painting him, only one documented work was preserved - the painting of the Church of the Transfiguration in Novgorod year. The remaining frescoes and icons are attributed to him by modern researchers, given the signs of the style of the era, the manners of performance, aesthetic and spiritual and ethical content.

The last feature is very important: “Theophan the Ikonnik Gregin Philosopher” enjoyed the high authority of the artist, who was able, as the same Epiphanius, the monk of the Trinity-Sergius Monastery, “the mind of a long-range and reasonable residue”, who responded about him, enjoyed his high authority. The painting of Theophan Greek, so revered by contemporaries, was almost nothing known until the beginning of the 20th century.

True, the annals mention his name four times: for the first time under the year, when he “signs” the Savior Church on Ilyin Street in Novgorod, the second time under the year, when he, along with Semyon Black and his students, begins to paint the Church of the Nativity of the Virgin with the entrance of Lazarus in Moscow, for the third time, under the anniversary, when he paints the Moscow Arkhangelsk.

Finally, for the fourth time, under the year, when we see him working in the Annunciation Cathedral in Moscow with the elder Prokhor from Gorodets and Andrei Rublev. However, all this information did not give us the most important thing - Theophanes’s works, for the original Kremlin Church of the Nativity of the Virgin was not preserved, the Theophane frescoes in its aisle of Lazarus, as the examination found out, were knocked down to the stone and again transferred in the first half of the 19th century, the initial Arkhangelsk Cathedral and the original painting of the Annunciation of the Annunciation We also did not reach us, and the frescoes in the Novgorod church of the Savior of the Transfiguration still remained under a layer of plaster.

Thefan’s artistic appearance continued to remain a mystery to us, all the more painful, that the preserved modern document - a letter about him of his admirer and friend - draws us this wonderful artist in the contours of the true giant of the spirit, to match the geniuses of the Renaissance. This letter was written for about a year with the gorest Russian writer Epiphanius to his friend, Rev.

Cyril Belozersky. Lost in little -known publications, it was only casually affected by researchers of Russian art, why we take the opportunity to dwell on it in more detail. Already in itself it is a first -class monument of ancient Russian writing, a vivid evidence of the really brilliant literary talent of Epiphanius, not without reason nicknamed the Wise contemporaries, the data on Feofan Grek is directly precious.

We cannot deny ourselves the pleasure of bringing this wonderful document here completely, in the hope that the reader does not visit us for this lengthy quote, especially since all of it, from beginning to end, refers to our topic. The letter of Epiphanius has a response to the letter to him by Kirill of Belozersky [Tver], in which the Rev. asked him to remind him when, where and under what circumstances Epiphanius showed him a drawing depicting the temple of St.

Sofia of Constantinople. Epiphanius meets with a panegyric to Feofan, who turned out to be the author of the drawing seen by Cyril. Touching such a degree to write off in our writer in our sign. The sneakers are alive in Moscow, even even a hazy husband, he is a lively, glorious wise, the evil philosopher Hitter, Feofan, buckwheat, Books is a deliberate and painter graceful in the icon painting, and many different many four -tier churches of stone were signed by his hand, Yelko in Constantine Grad and in the Constantine City Halkidon, and in Galat, and in a cafe, and in the great Novgorod, and in the Lower.

In Mikhail Saint, a city on the wall, in a hail spelled in detail, wrote in detail; Prince Vladimir Andreevich in the stone as the wall of Moscow itself was so painted; The tower of Prince the Great with an involuntary signature and strangely signed; And in the Stone Church in the holy Annunciation of the Jesse sides and apocolipsia, also scribbled. Well this is all the same to appoint him or write to him or writes, nowhere is he seeing the samples when he is looking at, like our icon painters, as well as bewilderment, was filled with perplexingly, pushing the Semo and Ovamo, not forming charming, Eliko heavily on the image of often looking at the image; But he was imagining like a different write from a hand, depicting the written, the foot of the demon, with a tongue, spoke with a glagolash who comes to the mind, and a long -term and reasonable cocent; The chewing of the Bo Plaim is reasonable to the rational vida of the kindness of SI.

The elapsed husband and the notorious great love to my arts has a love; Such and the Az and a humble bold boldness are multiplied by the screeds, stews for a conversation to him, loving a fight with him to talk with him. If there will be a rite or on a set, will do a conversation with him, then it is not powerfully hedgehog not to be thought of the mind and the accounts of it and the cunning structure.

Az seeing himself from him loved and unfinished and impurious to the insolence and his river, “I ask for your wisdom, yes, the image of the great Church of the Holy Sofia, the south of the Great Justinian, the tsar of the Voszvozhi, native of the wisdom, native quality; And the Majesty of Netsya as the Moscow Kremlin of the Church and the County of the County and the Hedgehog bypassing the County; Palat, both the churches, and the keepers, and the tombs, and the many barriers and the limit, and the windows, and the ways, and the doors, the Vlazov and the Izlazes and the pillars of the stone, are written on the horse of the sideline and in the stream of his right hand, the Majesty and the Majesty and the Majestan are also poured.

This is all converted on a sheet with a book, write, and in the cordon of the book I will put and at the beginning, I will put your manuscript and removing your manuscript and looking at such a temple, like in Constantinople it is more worth an imaginary. ” He is wise wise and response: “It’s not powerful to eat, in the speech, to either you to write or write to me; but for the sake of yours, I’ll like a little of the sake of a little, and it’s not like that, but not from the drain, but from this, but from this Malovodnoye Imago and other big Imashi of the skill, and you understand.” That rivers, bubbling a brush and a sheet, and a temple image of a temple in the image of the stitching church in Constantinople, and in the distance of Mi.

From that sheet the need is to quickly and try the icon painter of the Moscow one, like the multi -Bahu and someone’s bidowing to himself, and the acceptance of each other and from each other is acceptable. Follow everyone and I, like an isographer, write four-form; Put such a temple in my letter in four places: and at the beginning of the book in the Matthew of the Gospel, even more than the pillar of Istinian, the idea of ​​Matthew Evangelist image Be; in the temple at the beginning of the Evangelist brand; Mr.

before the beginning of Luke of the evangelist; The same, to the same, begin to Joanov’s gospel, - [four] temples - [four] the evangelist was written, once I once saw to eat, even fled from the face of Famhegeev to Tver, hungry, more so, you have an exacerbation of my thoroughness, and my noise, and all my books, have a fir -tree and left me off. Well then you saw such a temple written, and in 6 years, I took advantage of this winter last winter.

About these drive.