Brief biography of Rykov

But, as well as the associates, he committed the party’s decisions perfectly. Whatever these decisions are. It was with him that the meaning of the “party” began to reduce to one position - the general secretary and to one name - Stalin. In the memory of the people who lived under his leadership, for almost seven years, his name is associated with the return to the life of vodka, which was popularly called “Rykovka”, renaming the former capital of the Russian Empire to Leningrad and, in general, the beginning of “Leninians”.

In the historical park "Russia-My History" you can learn in detail about Rykov’s activities: with it, a rolled NEP has ended, a rusty sickle of collectivization swept over the expanses of the country with a piercing whistle, the heavy tread of industrialization thundered, the mass executions of the peasantry and, the so-called dispossession. From the underground to the Chusosnabarm Alexei Ivanovich Rykov, the Soviet state and party leader was born in the year in Saratov.

In the Soviet years, they wrote, "was born in the family of a peasant." But, in fact, Rykova’s father was engaged in trade in Saratov and, having left for the distant Central Asian city of Merv Merva now in Turkmenistan, died there from Cholera, leaving eight -year -old Alexei and Machekha. Helped the boy by his older sister Claudius, who served in the office of the Ryazano-Ural Railway.

She took her younger brother to her care and helped him enter the gymnasium. In the gymnasium years, he became interested in revolutionary ideas. Saratov at that time was a “exile city”, where “political” workers and students were sent and where circles of the revolutionary direction were especially flourished. One of these circles began to visit the gymnasium student Alexei Rykov. On the eve of the final exams in the house of Rykov, there was a search, however, not given the results, since the young revolutionary hid illegal literature in time.

But the “four” “for behavior” in a gymnasium certificate deprived Rykov of the opportunity to enter the capital's universities, and in the year he went to Kazan, where he entered the law faculty of the university. Having entered Kazan University, the summer student Alexei Rykov immediately finds the local circle of the Social Democratic Party, and also works in the Student Committee.

But Alexei did not study and visited the circles - in the spring of the year the working and student organization were defeated. After a nine -month stay in the Kazan prison, Rykov, waiting for the sentence, was sent to his homeland, to Saratov, to the vowel supervision of the police. Soon, in connection with the Kazan case, a sentence of the exile of Rykov to the Arkhangelsk province arrived from the police department.

The revolutionary Rykov chose to switch to an illegal position in which he was up to a year, migrating from one city to another, from one country to another and very often changing his passport. During his “wandering” he reached Geneva, where he met Vladimir Ilyich Ulyanov Lenin and to London, where he took part in the Congress of the RSDRP of the Russian Social Democratic Workers' Party.

One of the most important party affairs of the Moscow period of illegal life was to participate in the receipt of part of the inheritance of the furniture manufacturer Nikolai Pavlovich Schmidt for the needs of the Bolshevik party. Schmidt's mysterious death discovered the Bolsheviks the road to huge money. In the summer of the year, Rykov met with the future wife Nina Semenovna Marshak, at that time she was married to Joseph Aronovich Tarshmchym Pyatnitsky, later the active figure of the Comintern.

Returning to Russia, he was arrested and exiled to the Narymsky Territory, but fled. He was again arrested in the year and again sent to the Narymsky Territory, where he remained until the February Revolution. From Narym, he came to Moscow.

The party delegated him to the Moscow Council of Workers' Deputies and very soon he was elected to the Presidium of the Moscow City Council. On his initiative, the Moscow Council in August sequestered and nationalized the Likinsky manufactory. In August, Rykov was elected a member of the Central Committee of the Bolshevik Party. In September, he moved to Petrograd and became a member of the Petrosovet.

During the events of October, when the Provisional Government was overthrown, he was in Smolny with Trotsky. When creating the Soviet government - the Council of People's Commissars of the Council of People's Commissars - he became part of the People’s Commissioner of the Interior. The first decree signed by Alexei Ivanovich Rykov as People's Commissar was the decree "On the Working Police" this date, on November 10, was celebrated as a police day, then as a day of an employee of the internal affairs bodies of the Russian Federation.

Soon he resigned his authority and moved to work in the Moscow City Council. Due to the food devastation, Rykov was obliged to establish a foster for the sample to Moscow. Under his leadership, an industry was nationalized and a state monopoly was created in the distribution of the goods produced. In July, a special institution was created for coordinating the actions of the BCH and the economic bodies and the organization of uninterrupted supply of the Red Army.

Rykov was put at the head of this case, as "Extraordinary authorized STO to supply the Red Army and fleet" Chusosnabarm.Being a Chusososnabarm, according to Soviet textbooks, "thanks to its energy from all warehouses and storage facilities, everything that could be used to arm the revolution and supply of the army was extracted." In the post of head of state, Rykov canceled in December the “dry law”, the history of which can be chronologically traced in the halls of the Russia-My History multimedia project.

The vodka appeared on sale, which the people dubbed a “roar”. Although many joked that there was a “Rykovka”, that is, the degree, which the loving chairman of the government, and the degree “half -wishes” for everyone else, drinks. Being a Bolshevik, Rykov was subordinate to the charter of the Communist Party. And Rykov, holding the post of chairman of the government, nevertheless, coordinated the solution of all state issues with the party leadership, that is, with the Politburo and the General Secretary - Joseph Stalin.

Rykov in every possible way helped Stalin in the fight against Trotsky, and then with Zinoviev and Kamenev. However, Rykov, like many leaders of all levels in those years, was more clearly aware of how the authority of the position of general secretary of the Central Committee of the All -Union Communist Party of Bolsheviks was growing rapidly, but it was already impossible to stop this growth.

Two years later, the Metla touched Rykov himself. At the April Plenum of the Central Committee of the Year, he was sharply criticized for the “right -wing bias” and “defeated”. Right deviation was named Rykov’s position against NEP. But remorse did not help and on December 19, Rykov was removed from the post of chairman of the Council of People's Commissars of the USSR, and on December 21 was withdrawn from the Politburo.

But a month later, in January, he took the post of People's Commissar of Posts and Telegraphs of the USSR. Then, from the rostrum of the XVII Congress of Rykov, he said about Stalin: "He is as a leader and as the organizer of our victories with the greatest power in the first time." But two years later, in the year, he was removed from the post of People's Commissar and remained out of work.

As one of the main accused in March, Rykov was involved in the open process in the case of the “right -trapian anti -Soviet bloc”. In the last word, he stated: “I want those who are not yet exposed and disarm so that they will do it immediately and openly ... to help the government expose and eliminate the remnants of the scoop of the counter -revolutionary organization.” Alexey Ivanovich Rykov was sentenced to death.

The verdict was carried out every other day. The city of Rykovo was returned its original name - Enakievo. In honor of Rykov in the year, four license plates of Istominsky streets in Moscow were renamed in the year. In the year, the streets were returned the former name-Istominsky then 1-4th Streets of the eighth of March. Alexey Ivanovich Rykov was rehabilitated posthumously in the year.