Biography of Shota Rustaveli

Died: G. of reliable biographical information about Rustaveli has been preserved very little. Even the years of birth and death of the poet are not known. The main source of information is the prologue of a poem dedicated to Queen Tamara Rules in the years and its co-ruler-muzh David Soslani. Thus, the poem is not the first work of Rustaveli not earlier than the end of the 10ths of the 12th century and no later than the 1st decade of the 13th century.

It can be assumed that Rustaveli was born at the turn of the 10ths of the 12th century. In the prolon twice ... It is mentioned that the author of the poem Rustaveli rushes, which means "Rustavian estate" or "Coming from Rustavi". According to some reports, Rustaveli completed his education in Greece. It is believed that Rustaveli was the state treasurer of Queen Tamara, his signature was preserved on one of the acts dating back to the year.

Rustaveli also restored and painted the Georgian monastery of the Holy Cross in Jerusalem. According to legend, hopelessly in love with his lord, he ended his life in the cell of this monastery. On one of the columns of the monastery, a fresco was found, according to scientists, depicting Rustaveli. In total in the poem stanza, 16 syllables in the verse. She reached us in numerous manuscripts, with a mass of interpolation and additions, and with a continuation known by the name "Omaniani".

The reasons for the absence of the most ancient lists of the poem, close to the time of its creation, both in the numerous raids of foreign conquerors to Georgia and related disasters, and in the fact that the poem was persecuted by the clergy, as a nasty humility of a secular character. In Polish, there are two full texts - translated in the year from the Russian translation by Nikolai Zabolotsky and the translation from the Georgian original editorial office of King Vakhtang VI, carried out in the year of the hedgehog of Zagorsky.

In Russian, there are 5 full poetic translations of the poem Konstantin Balmont,; Panteleimon Petrenko,; George Tsagarseli,; Shalva Nutsubidze; Nikolai Zabolotsky, and dozens of her publications. There is also a line translation by S. Jordanishvili, who had been walking in a typewritten form for a long time, until he was published in the year to help this adaptive, in particular, N.

Excerpts from the poem from the 10th and XX centuries were often translated and repeatedly published in all languages ​​of the peoples of the USSR and the countries of the socialist camp. The question remains to be unresolved until Rustaveli borrowed the plot of his poem. Three opinions were expressed in the literature: the first is based on the words of Postavy himself, who in the stanza of the poem states that “he found a Persian story and shifted it with poems, like a large pearl passing from hand to hand”; However, the Persian original, despite all searches, has not yet been found.

The second opinion was first expressed by prof. Chubinov, who proves that Rustaveli did not borrow the plot of the "leather" from the eastern writers; It was created by himself and aimed at the glorification of Queen Tamara. The third opinion belongs to A. Khakhanov; Comparing Rustaveli’s poems with folk songs about the Tariel, he suggested that the artificial poem of the XII century has its foundation folk poetry, just as Faust and Hamlet go back to medieval folk traditions.

Rustaveli took advantage of the folk legend to portray the great historical era. The characters are representatives of different peoples, including fictional ones. Skillfully using the techniques of plot masking, R. The poem combines two main narrative cycles of the Indian line of Tariel and Netan-Daredzhan, and the Arab line of Avtandil and Tinatin. Deep psychological characteristics of the heroes, the image of the inner essence of the phenomena The main features of the innovation of Rustaveli.

He created a gallery of living, full -blooded, plastic characters; His heroes are selfless, fearless fighters for the triumph of justice and happiness, generalized, typified images of advanced people of the 12th century feudal Georgia. The main heroine of the poem, the virtuous and meek Netan-Daredzhan, covers the spirit of protest when she finds out that she is waiting for a renewal marriage.

The heroine persistently transfers imprisonment in the Kajet fortress, which is a symbol of tyranny, savagery and earthly darkness. The struggle of the Three Vityazi-Subtims for the liberation of Netan is crowned with victory. The optimistic idea of ​​a triumph of justice over arbitrariness, good over evil is the basis of the poem: a person must dance, he can achieve complete happiness on Earth.

The poem Rustaveli is an enthusiastic anthem of free, earthly, pure and sublime love. The poet rejects love rudely sensual, carpetly low. The poem pronounces the idea of ​​worshiping a woman, poetically substantiated the possibility of the moral and intellectual equality of a man and a woman. The poem is imbued with the idea of ​​patriotism. The political ideal of Rustaveli United, strong, unanimous state led by an enlightened and humane king.

The poet condemns the feudal ranges and separatist aspirations of the nobility, appreciates the life of a rational, worthy of a noble person. His heroes are not afraid of death.The poet stigmatizes the shame of the Lersers, cowardly woeful warriors, vile panties and traitors, oath-criminals, flatterers and hypocrisy. He extols knightly valor and courage, courage and daring.

The great humanist, he, in contrast to church-ascetic morality, proclaims freedom of personality, freedom of thought and feelings, advocates for human life, not predetermined by divine providence, rock. Rustaveli embodied the ideals and aspirations of his people, but national limitation is alien to him. The world of his ideas has universal significance. With his free thought, the poet anticipated the humanistic ideas of the early Renaissance.

Having absorbed the wealth of the ancient Georgian written culture and at the same time following the best folklore traditions, Rustaveli developed and raised the Georgian poetry as a whole to a great height. The poem is written in the elegant, light, musical and napal verse of Shairi. Rustaveli is the legislator and unsurpassed master of this verse. The poetic speech of Rustaveli is characterized by metaphorism and aphorism.

Lyrical preludes, epistols, without violating the dynamism of the action, colorfully frames the plot and revive the narrative. Rustaveli is the ancestor of the new Georgian literary language. Detailed biography.