And Arakcheev is biography

Arakcheeva is a stinging epigram [1], “Arakcheevschina” entered the domestic history as a symbol of reactionary. Meanwhile, the famous “reactionary”, as evidenced by historians, had undoubted state and military merits, was distinguished by extraordinary honesty and hard work. It is believed that Arakcheev could remain in the memory of descendants with a more attractive person, if the autocrats to whom he served did not use his abilities one -sidedly.

The formation of his personality, perhaps, was affected by the difficulties and humiliation that he encountered, having arrived, to the young young men from the Novgorod province to St. Petersburg to enter the artillery and engineering cadet corps. Being the son of a poor landowner, having no means and connections, Arakcheev was accepted there only thanks to the mercy of the director of the corps, compressing the young men and his father impoverished in the inhospitable capital.

In the corps, Arakcheev quickly advanced one of the best cadets, received the rank of officer and was left under the case as a refrigerator, soon became the head of the grenadier team. As a capable officer was recommended by Count N. Saltykov, the president of the military collegium, who in turn recommended him to the Grand Duke-Prince Pavel, who created his troops in Gatchina “for expression”.

In gg. Arakcheev headed artillery from Paul, and then all the ground forces.

In Gatchina, the skills of the Prussian system of training for troops, before which the prince-prince worshiped, became the skills of Arakcheev. When accessing the throne, Paul I came to his assistant, the rank of Major General, the Order of St. Anna 1st Art. The following year, he honored it with the title of Baron, the Order of St. Alexander Nevsky and entrusted two more positions-the quartermaster General of the entire army and commander of the Life Guards of the Preobrazhensky Regiment.

Arakcheev’s relationship with a quick -tempered and unbalanced Paul was still uneven. In February, but already in May, Pavel returns him to him, appoints a quartermaster general to his former position, entrusts the post of inspector of the entire artillery, and complains to the count's title. Arakcheev helped Paul hold a number of events that improved the organization of the Russian army, especially artillery, but, following the example of the emperor, was zealous in the planting of harsh measures of discipline and Prussian troops teaching.

He was pedantically demanding and demanding, but without sadism, which was attributed to him by rumor. So God created me. " In October, Alexander Pavlovich, who entered the throne in the year, surrounded himself with new people, but did not forget Arakcheev, whose virtues and shortcomings he knew well. In the year, he called him out of resignation and appointed the inspector of the entire artillery.

In this post, Arakcheev earnestly introduced a new organization of artillery and developed a system of its supply. In the military campaign, G. after the campaign concentrated on improving the training of artillery personnel, compiled a “instruction by battery commanders”, which contributed to the improvement of Russian artillery tactics in the GG war.

In the city of Arakcheev, he was promoted to generals from artillery, in January of next year he was appointed Minister of War, as well as an inspector of all infantry and artillery. Military Minister Arakcheev took an active part in the Russian-Swedish war. He spent a lot of effort on the acquisition of the army and providing it with all the necessary means.

Arakcheev went to the Finnish War Theater and, despite the resistance of the commander in chief of the Russian army, organized the conduct of the most difficult winter crossing of troops through the Botnic Bay in order to transfer hostilities to the territory of Sweden. This decided the outcome of the war. The military minister refused to accept the highest reward from the king’s hands - the Order of Andrei the First -Called, citing the fact that he did not take direct participation in the campaign.

Alexander found another way to reward him; He ordered the troops to give the military minister the honors laid to him in the places of stay of the king. Arakcheev actively participated in the implementation of military reforms, which helped the Russian army successfully prepare for the Patriotic War of G. especially a lot of artillery: it was allocated into a separate kind of troops consisting of a company and brigades, an examination system, training and combat firing were introduced, the material department was created under the artillery management, and the beginning of the publishing department was made.

"Artillery magazine." Offended by the fact that the institution of the State Council took place without any coordination with it, Arakcheev in January of the city The king, having accepted the resignation, considered it necessary to appoint Alexei Andreevich to the State Council by the chairman of the Department of Military Affairs. In the Patriotic War of the year, Arakcheev vigilantly dealt with issues of preparing reserves for the army and supplying it with food.

Having left in December in Paris on March 31, he prepared a decree on production in Field Marshals along with Barclai de Tolly and Arakcheev, but he refused such honors, considering it too high for himself. At the end of the cityAn example of this was the system of military settlements created at the initiative of Alexander I. They were arranged, starting from G. after the war in order to reduce military spending, such settlements were formed according to the example of Cossack regiments and were located along the western borders.

Arakcheev, appointed by the head of the corps of military settlements, gained sad glory in this position. Since the tsar’s idea from the very beginning was non -viable and demanded forced measures. The system of military settlements nevertheless survived its creators and finally died only under Alexander II. The harsh and rude Arakcheev was strict to himself and the shore of his honest name.

An example of this once was a note pinned to the door of its reception and designed to read by visitors: “I, Vlas Vasiliev, valet of Alexei Andreevich, I confess that on New Year's Eve I went with congratulations and many gentlemen, and they granted me after the valet I had to repent bitterly to those who got into this list. In the year, Arakcheev survived two blows of fate.

At first, he lost his closest girlfriend, the housekeeper N. Minkin, who was his favorite for more than 25 years, was killed by courtyard people. In November, Alexander I unexpectedly died in Taganrog. Out of depression, Arakcheev did not attempt to get closer to the new Emperor Nicholas I. He, in turn, did not forgive him inaction on December 14, when the rebellion of the Decembrist threatened the fate of the throne.

After the death of Alexander I, Arakcheev made a will in the amount of 50 thousand rubles to write a book about the life and activity of his patron, which should be published through years, so that this book was as true as possible. In recent years, Alexei Andreevich was engaged in the construction of his estate, caring for his profitability. He died on April 21 and was buried with giving all military honors.

Dying, he said: "Now I did everything and can return to Emperor Alexander." Arakcheev did not leave direct heirs. By the decree of Nicholas I, the estate and capital of Arakcheev were transferred to the disposal of the Novgorod Cadet Corps, a significant part of his wealthy library was also given here. On the map of the world there are Arakcheev Islands as part of the Marshal archipelago, the tormentor and the king open in the year O.

Governors - he is a friend and brother. It is full of anger, full of revenge, without feelings, without honor, who is a devoted without flattery, B between - G. But over the years A. Pushkin revised his views and attitude to Arakcheev. Pushkina: “Arakcheev I regret this throughout Russia. I could not meet him and talk with him. ” Moscow Publishing House "Book Chamber", G.