Filola biography

The generator of the numbers Filola from Croton is the doctrine of numbers, peace and soul of Filola from Croton of the 5th century. Very little reliable information has been preserved about his biography. It is believed that he was the first to transfer the idea of ​​Pythagoras on paper and expressed the idea that the Earth is spinning. Biographical data by the birthplace of Philolabi Greek.

Philolaus is considered the city of Kroton, located in the south of modern Italy, and researchers call the expense years of his life GG. The teacher of Filolai was the Tarantan Lisid, who in his youth was a listener of Pythagoras. Filolai is known to the descendants as one of the most noticeable supporters of the Pythagorean school of philosophy. Near G., like many other Pythagoreans, Filolaya had to escape from persecution to continental Greece.

He settled in Thebes, where he then lived for a long time and had many students-students. By the end of his life, the philosopher returned to his hometown. According to some reports, Filolaya managed to achieve a high position in Kroton, but in the end he was killed by his political enemies. The philosophical treatise “On Nature” many researchers agree that Filola from Croton was the first to set out the ideas of his philosophical school in writing.

Prior to this, the views of the Pythagoreans spread only orally. Filolai’s treatise “On Nature” is written in the Doric dialect, and is one of the most important sources in early Pythagoreism. The book reached the descendants not entirely, but in the form of separate large fragments, the disputes about the authenticity of which continued in scientific circles for a long time.

As a result, part of the essay was recognized as authentic, and some fragments - having the so -called pseudo -piphagorean character. The treatise "On nature" consists of three books, in which Filolai concerns several areas of knowledge at once. Book I - "On Cosmos" Greek. The coexistence of the unlimited and limit is possible thanks to the third element - harmony. From the connection of the three components into a single whole, space is formed and everything existing in it.

According to Philolaus, harmony - there is a principle that underlies the universe. The Pythagoreans imagined the structure of the universe as follows. The closing sphere consists of motionless stars and is an intelligent fire. According to Filolai, a certain anti -Earth is located between the Earth and Hestia. This celestial body was invented and introduced by the Pythagoreans into their system of the world to explain the greater frequency of lunar eclipses compared to sunny.

The closer the location of the heavenly body to the center, the faster its rotation. So, the Earth makes a full circle in 24 hours an explanation of the change of night and day, and the moon in 30 days therefore the lunar day is 15 times longer than the earth, etc. The moon was considered to be inhabited and was recognized as a separate planet, not a satellite of the earth.

The Pythagoreans considered the sun to be glassy and reflecting - “borrowing” - their light from Hestia. The fact that the central fire and anti -aircraft were not visible from the ground was explained by the fact that people live on the hemisphere, which is turned to the other side. Despite the many shortcomings, a similar theory about the structure of the Universe played an important role in the further development of the science of astronomy: for the first time, the idea of ​​the rotation of the Earth was allowed.

Book II - "On the number" Greek. According to Philolaus, harmony is a numerical proportion. In the same way, it has its own number and everything else that a person is able to know. All that exists is comprehended through numbers, and numbers own things. The main principle: it is complicated from simple. Not only geometric, but also physical qualities color, shape, character, etc., gave each arithmetic number to each arithmetic number.

The embodiment of perfection, completeness, completeness of being was considered a decade - it is no coincidence that 10 celestial bodies have a system of the world described by the philosopher. Book III - “On the Soul” Greek. Following the Alkmeon, Krotonian Philolas expresses the idea that the brain is the center of consciousness, and the mind that can contemplate nature and related to it acts for the philosopher the criterion of truth.

According to Filola, truly everything that exists "not by establishment, but by nature." In his essay, Filola also discusses medicine, geometry and other exact sciences. According to Aristotle, in the treatise Filolai does not set out his own thoughts, but the general ideas related to the Pythagorean philosophy school. Articles on the topic.