Niccolo Paganini Biography

The country of Italy will find another such artist whose life and glory would shine with such a bright solar brilliance, the artist, whom the whole world in his enthusiastic worship would recognize the king of all artists. A sheet in Italy, in the municipality of Genoa, is stored a violin of a brilliant Paganini, which he bequeathed to his native city. Once a year, according to the established tradition, the most famous violinists of the world play.

Paganini called the violin “My gun”-so the musician expressed his participation in the national liberation movement of Italy, which unfolded in the first third of the XIX century. The frantic, rebel art of the violinist raised the patriotic sentiments of the Italians, called them to the struggle against social lawlessness. For sympathy for the movement of carbonarians and anticleric statements, Paganini was nicknamed the “Genoese Jacobin” and was persecuted by the Catholic clergy.

His concerts were often forbidden by the police, under the supervision of which he was. Paganini was born in the family of a small merchant. From the age of four, Mandolin, the violin and the guitar became the life companions of the musician. At first, the teachers of the future composer were a father-a great music lover, and then J. Costa-the violinist of the Cathedral of San Lorenzo.

Paganini's first concert took place when he was 11 years old. Among the performed works in it also sounded his own variations of a young musician on the theme of the French revolutionary song “Pockets”. Very soon, the name of Paganini gained wide fame. He concerts in northern Italy, with the city of this period, the creation of famous whims for the Solo violin belongs to this period.

In the prime of his performing fame, Paganini for several years changed his concert activity for the court service in Lukke, after which he again finally returned to concerting. Gradually, the glory of Paganini went beyond Italy. Many European violinists came to die with him, but none of them could become his worthy competitor. Paganini’s virtuosity was fantastic, her impact on the audience is incredibly and inexplicable.

For contemporaries, he seemed a mystery, a phenomenon. Some considered him a genius, others - a charlatan; His name during his lifetime began to grow in various fantastic legends. However, the originality of his “demonic” appearance and romantic, associated with the names of many noble women, episodes of the biography contributed to this. At the age of 46, at the top of glory, Paganini first leaves for Italy.

His concerts in Europe caused an enthusiastic assessment of advanced artists. Schubert and G. Heine, and V. Geta and O. Balzac, E. Delacroix and T. Hoffmann, R. Shuman, F. Chopin, G. Berlio, J. Rossini, J. Meyerber and many others were under the hypnotic influence of Paganini violin. Her sounds announced the new era in performing art. The paganini phenomenon had the strongest impact on the work of F.

Liszt, who called the game of the Italian maestro "supernatural miracle." The European tour of Paganini lasted 10 years. He returned to his homeland by a seriously ill person. After the death of Paganini, Papskaya Kuria did not give permission to burial in Italy for a long time. Only many years later, the musician was transported to Parma and buried there.

The brightest representative of romanticism in Paganini’s music was at the same time a deeply national artist. His work largely proceeds from the artistic traditions of Italian folk and professional musical art. The composer’s works today sound wide on a concert stage, continuing to captivate the listeners of the endless cantilena, virtuoso element, passion, infinite fantasy in revealing the instrumental capabilities of the violin.

Paganini’s most common works include “Campanella” “bell” - Rondo from the second violin concert and the first violin concert. The crown of virtuoso skills of violinists are still considered the famous “24 kapricchi” for the Solo violin. Some variations of Paganini remain in the repertoire of the performers - on the themes of the operas “Cinderella”, “Tancred”, “Moses” by J.

Rossini, on the theme of the ballet “Benevento’s wedding” F. Zyusmeier, the composer called this composition “Witch”, as well as virtuoso works “Venetian carnival” and “eternal movement”. Paganini excellently owned not only a violin, but also a guitar. Many of his works, written for violin and guitars, are still included in the repertoire of performers. Paganini's music inspired many composers.

Some of his works were processed for the piano with a sheet, Schumanan, K. Melodia “Campanella” and the twenty -fourth whirlwinds formed the basis of processing and variations of composers of various generations and schools: Liszt, Chopin, I. Brahms, S. Rachmaninov, V. The very romantic image of the musician was captured by G. Heine in his story “Florentine nights”. Vetlitsyna Source: Creative portraits of composers, G.

none of the violinist had such a great popularity, not about anyone written as many books as Paganini.Some considered him a genius, others - a charlatan; His name during his lifetime was covered with a legend. He gave rise to the whole course in the romantic art of the first half of the 19th century; Its instrumental innovations served as an example for Berliosis and a sheet in the reform of orchestra and piano music; Shuman admired his whims, who created their piano transcriptions; He had a significant impact on the work of Rossini, Meyerber, Chopin, Liszt; Brahms owns piano variations on the theme of his capriches, and in our century, Rapsodia on the topic of the same capriches was written by Rachmaninov.

Paganini’s works have not left the concert stage for more than years, captivating with bright instrumentalism, liveliness of images, expressiveness and the endless freshness of melodies. Meanwhile, today we can hear the opinion that Paganini is great only as a performer and that his work is interesting only to virtuosity. His fate in this regard is similar to the fate of a sheet, the composer talent of which has not been recognized for many years for many years.

But the glory and immortality of Paganini testify that he was an outstanding composer. Paganini was born on October 27 in Genoa. His childhood was gloomy. Father - Antonio Paganini - owned a petty shop, the income from which did not even provide even modest needs of the family. In addition, he was a gambling player, and this vice developed greed in him, a thirst for money -grubbing. Irritability, biliary, always bad mood made him a despot in the family.

Antonio was madly loved by music, but nature endowed it with very modest abilities. He did not go further than the performance of folk melodies on Mandolin with his family and friends. Having discovered a wonderful talent in his son, he seemed to be mad. The son became a kind of playing card, on which his father put in a gambling battle with his life. He himself began to teach Niccolo first on Mandolin and the guitar, then on the violin, forcing him to engage from morning to night; He left the boy without food when it seemed to him that he was not addicted enough.

Niccolo's health undermined the unbearable classes, he developed tuberculosis, neurasthenia. The weakened organism easily succumbed to diseases. Measles and scarlet fever almost ended in death; After them, Niccolo suffered from catapersia, convulsive muscle spasms. Mother - Teresa Bochchardo - sincerely loved children, but could not resist her husband. A simple peasant woman, she was distinguished by superstition and piety, imagining herself with a clairvoyant.

Almost from the very birth of Niccolo, she believed in his extraordinary future and predicted that he would become a great musician. Some biographies of Paganini indicate that after his father Niccolo took lessons from Giovanni Chervetto, a modest orchestral musician. It is known for certain that they were interested in the violinist and composer Giovanni Necko. Not without his impact, Paganini began to study with Jakomomo Costa, adhering to the old principles of a classic violin school.

The pedantic and strict teacher could not captivate the wayward student. According to custom, concerts took place in churches. These years were stormy for Genoa. A significant part of the Genoese was very sympathetic to the French revolution. One can imagine how enthusiastically the students of variations on the revolutionary "Pocketiola" met, which the young violinist played at the first concert on July 31.

The year dates back to the beginning of a great friendship between Niccolo and the Marquis Di Negro, passionately carried away by his art. In his salon in the year, R. Kreutzer heard Paganini and predicted him a brilliant future. Together with the Marquis and Father Paganini, he made his first concert trip to the cities of Italy. In Parma, he wanted to become a student of the famous Alessandro Roll.

However, hearing his game, Roll said that he had nothing to do with him. During these classes, he composed many instrumental plays and two violin concerts.