Stages of Gogol Biography

They called Nikolai in honor of the miraculous icon of St. Nicholas, stored in the church of the village of Dikanka. The house of Dr. M. Trokhimovsky in Sorochintsy, where Gogol was born, the Gogols had more than the acres of land and near the souls of serfs. The writer’s ancestors on the part of his father were hereditary priests, but his grandfather Athanasius Demyanovich left the spiritual field and entered the hetman’s office; It was he who added to his surname Yanovsky another - Gogol, which was supposed to demonstrate the origin of the clan from the 17th century famous in Ukrainian history.

According to legend, she was the first beauty in the Poltava region. Married to Vasily Afanasyevich, she came out for fourteen years. In addition to Nikolai, there were five more children in the family. The parental house in Vasilyevka Children's years Gogol held another name on the estate of Vasilyevka's parents - Yanovschina. The cultural center of the region was the Kibin residents, the estate of D.

Troshchinsky, the distant relative of Gogoli, the former minister, chosen in the hanging marshals in the district leaders of the nobility; Gogol's father performed his duties of secretary. There was a large library in the Kibin residents, there was a home theater, for which Father Gogol wrote comedy, also being his actor and conductor. Dmitry Prokopovich Troshchinsky in Gogol, along with his brother Ivan, studied at the Poltava district school, and then, in, took lessons from the Poltava teacher Gabriel Sorochinsky, living in his apartment.

In May, he entered the gymnasium of the Higher Sciences in Nezhin. Here he is engaged in painting, participates in performances - as a decorator and as an actor, and with particular success he performs comic roles.

He tries himself in various literary genres writes elegiac poems, tragedies, historical poem, a story. Then he writes to the satire "something about Nyzhin, or the laws were not written" was not preserved. The gymnasium of the Higher Sciences, however, the idea of ​​writing has not yet begun to the mind of Gogol, all its aspirations are associated with the "state service", he dreams of a legal career.

The adoption of such a decision was greatly influenced by prof. Belousov, who read the course of natural law, as well as the general strengthening of freedom -loving moods in the gymnasium. The "case of free -thinking" arose in here, which ended with the dismissal of advanced professors, including Belousov; Gogol sympathized with him, for the investigation, testified in his favor.

Alexander Danilevsky and his wife Ulyana Pokhvisneva graduated from a gymnasium in Danilevsky, he goes to Petersburg. Taking money difficulties, having unsuccessfully bustling about the place, Gogol makes the first literary tests: at the beginning of the city of Alla, Gogol prints "idyll in the paintings" "Ganz Kuchelgarten". The poem caused the sharp and mocking reviews of N.

Polevoy and later condescending-sympathetic reviews of O. Somov G. at the end Gogol is a deep disappointment of the “state” service, but it was supplied with the rich material for future works that captured the bureaucratic life and the functioning of the state machine. The provincial and metropolitan world was the story “Taras Bulba”, capturing that moment of the national past, when the people “Cossacks”, protecting their sovereignty, acted whole, together and, moreover, as a force that determines the nature of pan -European history.

N. Gogol's own drawing to the last scene of the “Examiner” in the fall of the city of Vyazemsky and others, and in February-March is already busy with it on the stage of the Alexandrian theater. The premiere of the play took place on April 19. In June, Gogol leaves from St. Petersburg to Germany, in total, he lived abroad for about 12 years. The end of summer and autumn spends in Switzerland, where he is taken over the continuation of "dead souls." The plot was also prompted by Pushkin.

The work began back in the city of St. Petersburg, several chapters were read by Pushkin, causing him both approval and at the same time oppressive feeling. In November, Gogol moves to Paris, where he meets A. then moves to Rome. Here, in February, Gogol feels the “current labor” as the “sacred testament of the poet” in February in the attack of “inexpressible longing” and bitterness. Gogol was extremely formed by the arrival of the poet, showed him Rome; He painted views with him.

Gogol on the terrace of Villa Z. Volkonskaya in Rome. Figure V. In September, 6 chapters were read in total. The delight was universal. In May, after the first, brief, but very commendable reviews, Gogol's hoolfriends, who accused him of caricature, farce and slander for reality, intercepted the initiative. Later, the article bordering on a denunciation was made by N.

all this polemic took place in the absence of Gogol, who went abroad in June. Before leaving, he instructs Prokopovich to the publication of the first collected works. Gogol spends summer in Germany, in October, along with N. Language, he moves to Rome.It works on the 2nd volume of "dead souls", which, apparently, still begun; It gives a lot of time preparing the collected works.

The three year, which followed after the writer's departure abroad is a period of intense and difficult work on the 2nd volume of Dead Souls. At the beginning of G., the writer goes to rest and “restore forces” to Paris, but in March he returns to Frankfurt. Does a strip of treatment and consultations begin with various medical celebrities, moves from one resort to another? At the end of June or at the beginning of July, later in “four letters to different persons about“ dead souls ”-“ selected places ”Gogol explained this step by the fact that the book was not clearly shown“ ways and roads ”to the ideal.

Gogol continues to work on the 2nd volume, however, experiencing increasing difficulties, it is distracted by other affairs: it is a preface to the 2nd publication of the poem. in g. In the city, the book performed a double function - and the explanations of why the 2nd volume was still not written, and some of its compensation: Gogol proceeded to the presentation of his main ideas - doubt in the effective, teaching function of fiction, the utopian program for fulfilling his duty with all “classes” and “titles”, from the peasant to senior officials and the king.

The output of the "selected places" brought a real critical storm to their author. All these responses overtook the writer on the road: in May G. Gogol cannot recover from the “blows” received: “I am marveling, I myself, as I still survived.” Gogol spends winter in Naples, intensely engaged in reading Russian periodicals, novelties of fiction, historical and folklore books - "in order to plunge stronger into the indigenous Russian spirit." At the same time, he is preparing for a long -conceived pilgrimage to holy places.

In January, he goes to Jerusalem by sea. In April, after a pilgrimage to the Holy Land, Gogol finally returns to Russia, where he spends most of his time in Moscow, happens with raids in St. Petersburg, as well as in their native places - Little Russia. Here Gogol lived his last five years in mid -October Gogol lives in Moscow. In, Gogol reads individual chapters of the 2nd volume of Dead Souls to his friends.

Universal approval and delight is inspired by the writer, who now works with double energy. In the spring, Gogol makes the first and last attempt to arrange his family life - makes a proposal to A. Vielgorskaya, but is a refusal. In October, Gogol comes to Odessa. Its condition improves; He is active, vigor, cheerful; He willingly converge with the actors of the Odessa troupe, to which he gives the lessons of reading comedy production.

Pushkin, with local writers. In March, a new circle of readings of the 2nd volume of the poem follows; In total, up to 7 chapters were read. In October, he is present at the "Examiner" in the Maly Theater, with S. Shumsky in the role of Khlestakov, and is pleased with the performance; In November, he reads the “auditor” of the group of actors, among the listeners was I.

Ekaterina Mikhailovna Khomyakova on January 1, Gogol reports Arnoldi that the 2nd volume was “completely over”. But in the last days of the month, signs of a new crisis were clearly discovered, the impetus for which was the death of E. Khomyakova, sisters of N. Language, man spiritually close to Gogol. He is tormented by a foreboding of close death, aggravated by the newly intensified doubts about the beneficiality of his writer's field and in the success of the work being carried out.